Environmental Science and Ecotechnology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
21, С. 100417 - 100417
Опубликована: Март 21, 2024
Zero
Valent
Iron
(ZVI),
an
ideal
reductant
treating
persistent
pollutants,
is
hampered
by
issues
like
corrosion,
passivation,
and
suboptimal
utilization.
Recent
advancements
in
nonmetallic
modified
ZVI
(NM-ZVI)
show
promising
potential
circumventing
these
challenges
modifying
ZVI's
surface
internal
physicochemical
properties.
Despite
its
promise,
a
thorough
synthesis
of
research
this
domain
remains
elusive.
Here
we
review
the
innovative
methodologies,
regulatory
principles,
reduction-centric
mechanisms
underpinning
NM-ZVI's
effectiveness
against
two
prevalent
pollutants:
halogenated
organic
compounds
heavy
metals.
We
start
evaluating
different
modification
techniques,
such
as
liquid-phase
reduction,
mechanical
ball
milling,
pyrolysis,
their
respective
advantages.
The
discussion
progresses
towards
critical
analysis
current
strategies
used
for
NM-ZVI
to
enhance
reactivity,
electron
selectivity,
utilization
efficiency.
This
achieved
optimizing
elemental
compositions,
content
ratios,
lattice
constants,
hydrophobicity,
conductivity.
Furthermore,
propose
novel
approaches
augmenting
capability
address
complex
pollution
challenges.
highlights
alternative
remediate
water
environments
contaminated
with
or
metals,
contributing
broader
discourse
on
green
remediation
technologies.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
55(13), С. 8464 - 8483
Опубликована: Июнь 25, 2021
2021
marks
10
years
since
controlled
abiotic
synthesis
of
sulfidated
nanoscale
zerovalent
iron
(S-nZVI)
for
use
in
site
remediation
and
water
treatment
emerged
as
an
area
active
research.
It
was
then
expanded
to
microscale
ZVI
(S-mZVI)
together
with
S-nZVI,
they
are
collectively
referred
S-(n)ZVI.
Heightened
interest
S-(n)ZVI
stemmed
from
its
significantly
higher
reactivity
chlorinated
solvents
heavy
metals.
The
extremely
promising
research
outcomes
during
the
initial
period
(2011-2017)
led
renewed
(n)ZVI-based
technologies
treatment,
explosion
new
last
four
(2018-2021)
that
is
building
understanding
novel
complex
role
sulfides
enhancing
(n)ZVI.
Numerous
studies
have
focused
on
exploring
different
approaches,
colloidal,
surface,
(electrochemistry,
contaminant
selectivity,
corrosion)
properties.
This
review
provides
a
critical
overview
recent
milestones
technology
development:
(i)
clear
insights
into
transformation
long-term
aging,
(ii)
impact
sulfidation
methods
particle
characteristics
reactivity,
(iii)
broader
range
treatable
contaminants,
(iv)
complete
decontamination,
(v)
ecotoxicity,
(vi)
field
implementation.
In
addition,
this
discusses
major
knowledge
gaps
future
avenues
opportunities.
Accounts of Materials Research,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
2(6), С. 420 - 431
Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2021
ConspectusGroundwater
contamination
by
halogenated
organic
compounds,
especially
chlorinated
and
fluorinated
ones,
threatens
freshwater
sources
globally.
Nanoscale
zero-valent
iron
(NZVI)
has
been
extensively
studied
(>5000
publications)
deployed
for
in
situ
groundwater
remediation,
but
NZVI
selectivity
contaminants
is
poor,
reactive
lifetimes
are
short,
it
cannot
promote
defluorination
reactions.
Recently,
sulfidized
(SNZVI)
emerged,
revitalized
academic
industrial
interests
this
material
remediation.
Sulfidation
broadens
the
range
of
contaminants,
significantly
increases
lifetime
2
orders
magnitude,
while
inhibiting
undesirable
H2
evolution
reaction
between
Fe0
water.
This
Account
provides
a
state-of-the-art
understanding
chemical
properties
controlling
reactivity
SNZVI
will
advance
field
toward
rational
design
efficient
remediation
materials.SNZVI
complex
mixture
body-centered
cubic
(BCC)
metallic
unspecified
sulfides.
Most
published
research
aimed
at
exploring
breadth
its
various
environmental
rather
than
factors
that
influence
materials.
Recent
works
from
our
laboratory
have
tuning
synthesis
conditions
to
control
amount
speciation
sulfur
structure,
elucidating
how
these
structural
changes
result
physicochemical
(e.g.,
hydrophobicity,
electron-transfer
resistance,
H
adsorption
sites)
provide
desirable
important
contaminants.This
explains
reasons
more
compared
NZVI.
The
degradation
pathways,
sites
(Fe
or
S
species
(direct
electron
transfer
atomic
H)
dechlorination
trichloroethene
florfenicol
determined
batch
experiments,
theoretical
calculations,
analysis
products.
A
better
why
with
C–F
bonds
under
ambient
may
also
use
derivatives
emerging
contaminants.Finally,
guidance
measuring
reporting
SNZVI.
enable
comparisons
future
studies
elucidate
differences
synthesized
different
groups.
Overall,
unveils
structure–property–performance
relationships
SNZVI,
makes
strides
controlled
robust
tailored
specific
application
scenarios,
mechanistic
insights
into
materials
contaminants.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
120(39)
Опубликована: Сен. 19, 2023
Nanosized
zero-valent
iron
(nZVI)
is
a
promising
persulfate
(PS)
activator,
however,
its
structurally
dense
oxide
shell
seriously
inhibited
electrons
transfer
for
O-O
bond
cleavage
of
PS.
Herein,
we
introduced
sulfidation
and
phosphorus-doped
biochar
breaking
the
pristine
with
formation
FeS
FePO
4
-containing
mixed
shell.
In
this
case,
faster
diffusion
rate
atoms
compared
to
components
triggered
multiple
Kirkendall
effects,
causing
inward
fluxion
vacancies
further
coalescing
into
radial
nanocracks.
Exemplified
by
trichloroethylene
(TCE)
removal,
such
unique
“lemon-slice-like”
nanocrack
structure
favored
fast
outward
ferrous
ions
across
PS
activation
high-efficient
generation
utilization
reactive
species,
as
evidenced
effective
dechlorination
(90.6%)
mineralization
(85.4%)
TCE.
O2•-
contributed
most
TCE
decomposition,
moreover,
SnZVI@PBC
gradually
became
electron-deficient
thus
extracted
from
achieving
nonradical-based
degradation.
Compared
nZVI/PS
process,
SnZVI@PBC/PS
system
could
significantly
reduce
catalyst
dosage
(87.5%)
amount
(68.8%)
achieve
nearly
complete
degradation,
was
anti-interference,
stable,
pH-universal.
This
study
advanced
mechanistic
understandings
effects-triggered
on
nZVI
corresponding
rational
design
Fenton-like
catalysts
organics
