Estimation of the Thermodynamic Properties of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances
ASME Open Journal of Engineering,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
4
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
Abstract
Per-
and
polyfluoroalkyl
substances
(PFAS)
are
a
large
group
of
human-made
chemicals
used
in
various
industrial
applications
consumer
products
for
their
water-
grease-resistant
properties.
PFAS
often
referred
to
as
“forever
chemicals”
because
they
do
not
break
down
easily
the
environment
or
human
body.
This
persistence
can
lead
environmental
contamination
potential
health
risks,
including
issues
like
cancer,
liver
damage,
immune
system
effects.
Efforts
manage
reduce
involve
stricter
regulations
development
alternative
substances.
Thermodynamic
properties
such
internal
energy,
enthalpy,
entropy
needed
model
nonequilibrium
process
burning
molecules.
A
has
been
developed
quantitatively
determine
thermodynamic
sensible
properties,
Gibbs
free
heat
capacity,
entropy,
over
wide
range
temperatures.
The
is
founded
upon
statistical
expressions
that
encompass
translational,
rotational,
vibrational
motions
atoms.
calculate
PFAS.
results
this
study
good
agreement
with
other
computational
data.
Язык: Английский
Estimating the Mass of Pharmaceuticals Harbored in Municipal Solid Waste Landfills by Analyzing Refuse Samples at Various Ages and Depths
Environmental Science & Technology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
57(15), С. 6063 - 6071
Опубликована: Март 29, 2023
Pharmaceuticals
have
been
detected
at
high
concentrations
in
municipal
solid
waste
(MSW)
landfill
leachates,
which
are
recognized
as
an
underestimated
source
of
pharmaceutical
residues
the
environment.
However,
limited
efforts
made
to
characterize
pharmaceuticals
MSW
refuse,
is
also
significant
concern
given
potential
long-term
environmental
impact.
Herein,
we
excavated
refuse
from
six
cells
with
ages
7–27
years
largest
Shanghai
(in
each
cell,
was
collected
different
depths
2–8
m)
and
analyzed
samples
for
presence
55
pharmaceuticals,
including
antibiotics
non-antibiotics.
The
results
reveal
42
median
ranging
0.30
116
μg/kg.
Antibiotic
non-antibiotic
exhibited
diverse
concentration
trends
age,
related
changes
policy
intervention
consumption
over
time.
Different
variations
individual
were
observed
positively
correlated
their
sorption
ability.
mass
investigated
estimated
obtained
be
80–220
tons
95%
probability,
based
on
Monte
Carlo
analysis.
To
best
our
knowledge,
this
study
provides
first
estimate
landfill.
will
helpful
understanding
impact
landfills.
Язык: Английский
Estimation of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances mass loads in the Danube River using passive sampling
The Science of The Total Environment,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
892, С. 164458 - 164458
Опубликована: Май 28, 2023
As
Europe's
second
longest
river,
the
Danube
is
an
important
water
source
for
drinking
and
irrigation
many
countries,
before
discharging
into
Black
Sea
in
East.
Per-
poly-fluoroalkyl
substances
(PFAS)
have
been
observed
over
last
two
decades
concentrations
exceeding
European
Union's
guidelines
total
sum
of
20
select
PFAS
0.1
μg
L
Язык: Английский
Fate of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances at a 40-year dedicated municipal biosolids land disposal site
The Science of The Total Environment,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
954, С. 176540 - 176540
Опубликована: Сен. 25, 2024
The
fate
of
per-
and
polyfluoroalkyl
substances
(PFAS)
was
evaluated
at
a
site
where
municipal
biosolids
have
been
applied
annually
for
38
years
as
waste
management
strategy.
Soil
cores
(1.8
m
in
30-cm
sections),
groundwater
from
four
wells,
2022
were
analyzed
PFAS
(54
targeted,
17
semi-quantified)
using
liquid
chromatography
high
resolution
mass
spectrometry
including
suspect
screening.
Total
concentrations
decreased
with
soil
depth
1700
ng/g
to
2.06
ng/g.
distribution
60
mol%
perfluoroalkyl
acid
(PFAA)
precursors
intermediates.
surface
dominated
by
long-chain
PFAAs
(67-76
mol%)
reflecting
precursor
degradation
after
application.
Presence
semi-quantified
intermediates
further
reflects
soil.
Long-chain
diminished
while
short-chain
increased
up
98
96
the
bottom
groundwater,
respectively.
is
consistent
chain-length
dependent
sorption-impacted
transport
organic
carbon
content
(15.2
%
OC)
which
subsequently
(~2-3
OC
>60
cm).
High
upper
horizon
likely
decades
application
rates,
contributed
minimizing
leaching
PFAS.
While
well
within
dedicated
land
disposal
not
drinking
water,
comparison
only,
this
only
marginally
exceeded
EU
water
directive
total
few
individual
PFAS,
but
did
exceed
tenfold,
USEPA
standard
PFOA.
Язык: Английский
Quantifying PFAS Contamination and Environmental Risk in Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Refuse: Implications for Landfill Reuse
Water Research,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
283, С. 123881 - 123881
Опубликована: Май 21, 2025
Язык: Английский
Benchmarking the Persistence of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in River Systems
Environmental Science & Technology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
57(39), С. 14684 - 14693
Опубликована: Сен. 20, 2023
Assessing
the
persistence
of
organic
micropollutants
from
field
data
has
been
notoriously
laborious,
requiring
extensive
including
emissions
and
chemical
properties,
application
detailed
mass-balance
models,
which
often
contain
parameters
that
are
impossible
to
measure.
To
overcome
some
these
obstacles,
we
developed
concept
benchmarking
for
large
rivers
receive
numerous
provide
enough
residence
time
observe
dissipation
compounds.
We
estimated
rate
constants
41
compounds
(mostly
active
pharmaceutical
ingredients)
five
measurement
campaigns
in
Rhine
Danube
using
concentration
profiles
with
respect
carbamazepine.
Dissipation
rates
clearly
distinguished
between
known
fast-
slow-degrading
compounds,
campaign-specific
boundary
conditions
had
an
influence
on
a
minor
subset
only.
Benchmarking
provided
reasonable
estimates
summer
total
system
half-lives
compared
previous
laboratory
experiments
modeling
study.
Consequently,
can
be
straightforward
assessment
method
continuously
emitted
river
systems,
especially
when
it
is
supported
by
monitoring
proper
analytical
quality
spatial
resolution.
Язык: Английский
Analysis of Multi-Class Unregulated Organic Compounds in Soil and Biosolids Using Lc-Ms/Ms
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Язык: Английский
Advances in Transformation Mechanism and Increased Adverse Effects of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products During Environmental Geochemistry Processes
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
261(1)
Опубликована: Окт. 10, 2023
Язык: Английский
Fate of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances at a 40-Year Dedicated Municipal Biosolids Land Disposal Site
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
The
fate
of
per-
and
polyfluoroalkyl
substances
(PFAS)
was
evaluated
at
a
site
where
municipal
biosolids
have
been
applied
annually
for
38
years
as
waste
management
strategy.
Soil
cores
(1.8
m
in
30-cm
sections),
groundwater
from
four
wells,
2022
were
analyzed
PFAS
(54
targeted,
17
semi-quantified)
using
liquid
chromatography
high
resolution
mass
spectrometry
including
suspect
screening.
Total
concentrations
decreased
with
soil
depth
1700
ng/g
to
2.06
ng/g.
distribution
60
mol%
perfluoroalkyl
acid
(PFAA)
precursors
intermediates.
surface
dominated
by
long-chain
PFAAs
(67-76
mol%)
reflecting
precursor
degradation
after
application.
Presence
semi-quantified
intermediates
further
reflects
soil.
Long-chain
diminished
while
short-chain
increased
up
94
91
the
bottom
groundwater,
respectively.
is
consistent
chain-length
dependent
sorption-impacted
transport
organic
carbon
content
(15.2%
OC)
which
subsequently
(~2-3%
OC
>
cm).
High
upper
horizon
likely
decades
application
rates,
contributed
minimizing
leaching
PFAS.
While
well
within
dedicated
land
disposal
not
drinking
water,
comparison
only,
this
only
marginally
exceeded
EU
water
directive
total
few
individual
PFAS,
but
did
exceed
tenfold,
USEPA
standard
PFOA.
Язык: Английский
Impacts of treatment extent on Per-and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) discharge in wet-weather flows
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Per-
and
polyfluoroalkyl
substances
(PFAS)
are
a
class
of
persistent
environmental
contaminants
associated
with
adverse
human
health
effects.
Wastewater
treatment
plants
stormwater
known
sources
PFAS
in
aquatic
environments,
but
the
composition
fate
urban
sewer
systems
remains
poorly
understood,
particularly
for
perfluoroalkyl
acid
(PFAA)
precursors.
To
address
this
uncertainty,
we
studied
occurrence,
composition,
PFAA
precursor
contributions
wastewater
discharges
across
six
Iowa
cities.
Using
targeted
analysis,
9
were
quantified
13
stormwater.
The
TOP
assay
was
used
to
estimate
unidentified
influent
contained
41.9
-
342.3
ng/L
total
PFAS,
effluent
16.5
330.1
PFAS.
Precursors
constituted
50
100%
4
–
58%
Total
concentrations
reached
85.3
ng/L,
up
79%
mass
as
Perfluorohexanoic
(PFHxA)
perfluorooctanoic
(PFOA)
most
common
terminal
PFAAs,
suggesting
that
precursors
eight
perfluorinated
carbons
(e.g.,
6:2
8:2
fluorotelomers)
removal
varied
sampling
events,
influenced
by
hydrological
conditions.
Higher
flows
often
more
abundant
effluent.
This
study
emphasizes
substantial
presence
water
discharges.
Recognizing
ubiquity
highlights
importance
quantifying
beyond
just
monitoring.
Overall,
research
underscores
necessity
an
improved
understanding
transport
guide
regulations
protective
strategies
health.
Язык: Английский