Trends in the Analysis and Exploration of per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Environmental Matrices: A Review

Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 54(8), С. 3171 - 3195

Опубликована: Июль 6, 2023

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is an emerging class of organic pollutants concern now prevalent in environmental matrices including water, soil, air, biological. So far, several standard analytical methods have been developed to systematically analyze PFAS different matrices. However, the complexity makes effective extraction difficult, legacy gradually changing into a new with short chain unknown structure production, which analysis challenging. In this review, following aspects are summarized: (1) advances for matrices, further generalizes updating novel detection methods; (2) PFAS, suspect non-targeted screening method based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) described.

Язык: Английский

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Nontarget screening strategies for PFAS prioritization and identification by high resolution mass spectrometry: A review

Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 40, С. e00216 - e00216

Опубликована: Окт. 14, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Suspect, Nontarget Screening, and Toxicity Prediction of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in the Landfill Leachate

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 58(10), С. 4737 - 4750

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2024

Landfills are the final stage of urban wastes containing perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). PFASs in landfill leachate may contaminate surrounding groundwater. As major environmental pollutants, emerging have raised global concern. Besides widely reported legacy PFASs, distribution potential toxic effects numerous remain unclear, unknown still need discovery characterization. This study proposed a comprehensive method for PFAS screening samples using suspect nontarget analysis. A total 48 from 10 classes were identified; nine novel including eight chloroperfluoropolyether carboxylates (Cl-PFPECAs) bistriflimide (HNTf2) first time leachate, where Cl-PFPECA-3,1 Cl-PFPECA-2,2 media. Optimized molecular docking models established prioritizing with activity against peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α estrogen α. Our results indicated that several

Язык: Английский

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Improved Dynamic Range, Resolving Power, and Sensitivity Achievable with FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry at 21 T Reveals the Hidden Complexity of Natural Organic Matter

Analytical Chemistry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 94(32), С. 11382 - 11389

Опубликована: Авг. 2, 2022

Fourier transform ion-cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) is the only analyzer that can resolve molecular complexity of natural organic matter at level elemental composition assignment. Here, we leverage high dynamic range, resolving power, resistance to peak coalescence, and maximum ion number trapping duration in a custom built, 21 tesla hybrid linear trap /FT-ICR spectrometer for dissolved standard (Suwanne River Fulvic Acid). We compare effect peak-picking threshold (3σ, 4σ, 5σ, 6σ) on assignments, measurement accuracy, range 6.3 s transient across m/z 200-1200 comprises highest achieved power broadband FT-ICR spectrum collected date. More than 36 000 species are assigned with signal magnitude greater 3σ root-mean-square error ppb, most identified reported date matter. identify 18O 17O isotopologues isobaric overlaps order few electrons wide (up 1000) leveraging powers (3 200) achievable by T MS increased ∼30% through absorption mode data processing. Elemental compositions unique span compositional aromaticity not detected higher thresholds. Furthermore, provide catalogue widely utilized reference (SRFA) analytical community performing complex mixture analysis This instrument available free charge scientists worldwide.

Язык: Английский

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PhotoTOP: PFAS Precursor Characterization by UV/TiO₂ Photocatalysis

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 56(22), С. 15728 - 15736

Опубликована: Окт. 28, 2022

To unravel the complexity of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in products environmental samples, sum parameters that provide relevant information on chemical characteristics are necessary since not all PFAS can be captured by target analysis case missing reference standards or if they extractable amenable to analytical method. Therefore, we evaluated photocatalysis (UV/TiO2) as a further total oxidizable precursor approach (PhotoTOP) characterize perfluoroalkyl acid precursors via their conversion carboxylic acids (PFCAs). Photocatalysis has advantage no salts needed, allowing direct injection with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry without time-consuming potentially discriminating sample cleanup. OH radicals were monitored probes determine reactivity. For eight different (diPAPs, FTSAs, FTCAs, N-EtFOSAA, PFOSA), mass balance was achieved within 4 h oxidation, also, presence matrix, complete possible. The PhotoTOP able predict chain length known here newly identified qualitatively when applied two PFAS-coated paper samples technical mixtures. perfluorinated carbon (n) mostly conserved form PFCAs (n-1) only minor fractions shorter-chain PFCAs. Finally, an unknown fabric polymer mixture (no detectable extracts) oxidized, generated indicated occurrence side-chain fluorinated polymers.

Язык: Английский

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Hunting the missing fluorine in aqueous film-forming foams containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 464, С. 133006 - 133006

Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2023

Язык: Английский

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PFAS: A Review of the State of the Art, from Legislation to Analytical Approaches and Toxicological Aspects for Assessing Contamination in Food and Environment and Related Risks

Applied Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(11), С. 6696 - 6696

Опубликована: Май 31, 2023

More than 7000 synthetic compounds known as per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are applied to food packaging other materials provide fat, fire, and/or water resistance properties. These have exceptional environmental stability persistence due the strong C-F chemical bond, earning them moniker “forever chemicals”. Emission of PFAS from industrial waste leads water, air, soil contamination. Due this ubiquitous nature, combined with fact that in humans carcinogenic reprotoxic effects cause vaccine depression immunity system, may constitute a major threat human health. For reason, attention scientific community control bodies is increasing consequence legislation literature on constantly evolving. This review aims comprehensive overview state art about current addressing PFAS; targeted screening method for identification, detection quantification toxicity contamination matrices contact matrices. A latest research recent developments will insights into understanding its health implications. Moreover, it serve valuable reference further studies related could help informing future policy decisions.

Язык: Английский

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First Discovery of Iodinated Polyfluoroalkyl Acids by Nontarget Mass-Spectrometric Analysis and Iodine-Specific Screening Algorithm

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 57(3), С. 1378 - 1390

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2023

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) including carboxylic sulfonic are a large category of crucial environmental pollutants global concern. Besides known PFAAs, numerous unknown species may exist in the environment, urgently needing discovery characterization. This study implemented nontarget analysis for group novel PFAA pollutants, viz., iodinated PFAAs (I-PFAAs) wastewater from fluorochemical manufacturing park by liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry combination with an iodine-specific data-processing algorithm. The algorithm took into account diagnostic fragment iodine ion (I–) together carbon sulfur isotopologue distributions. In total, 18 I-PFAA formulas involving 21 congeners were identified. Semiquantification was conducted, total concentrations I-PFAAs 1.9–274.7 μg/L, indicating severe pollution wastewater. determined along predicted behaviors toxicities demonstrate that merit further in-depth investigation. analytical method instrumental can be extended to screening identification other matrices. Furthermore, results first time provide recognition on occurrence, distribution features, status environment.

Язык: Английский

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The complex ‘PFAS world’ - How recent discoveries and novel screening tools reinforce existing concerns

Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 40, С. 100775 - 100775

Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2023

In recent years, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS)-based studies have highlighted an increasingly complex 'PFAS world' and thousands of per- polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are known today. Major new discoveries were made when previously unexplored PFAS sources or transformation pathways investigated HRMS was combined with other analytical methods. Advances in analysis data treatment pointed to blind spots, extensive suspect screening lists evaluation approaches become available. Research has a vital role making fit for broad application and, considering ongoing discussions supporting grouping PFAS, transitioning society towards fundamentally way regulating, monitoring managing PFAS.

Язык: Английский

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Eutrophication in cold-arid lakes: molecular characteristics and transformation mechanism of DOM under microbial action at the ice-water interface

Carbon Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 3(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2024

Abstract During freezing periods, nutrients (carbon and organic matter, etc.) are enriched in the water sediment of lakes cold-arid regions, leading to potential algal bloom outbreaks other health risks ecosystem. Particularly, dissolved matter (DOM) is a critical component plays an important role global carbon cycle. However, mechanisms DOM transfer between ice remain unclear. This study analyzed influence microbial community on composition using 16 s RNA, 3DEEM, FT-ICR MS Daihai Lake Wuliangsuhai Yellow River Basin, China. According spectral analysis, content endogenous such as humus, accounted for 40% total water, while tryptophan tyrosine 80% ice. The results mass spectrometry showed that lignin was main component, less than water. Molecular structures seven coexisting lake were elucidated with adapted Kendrick-analogous network visualization, which clearly illustrates long-chain molecules derived from small molecules, heteroatoms complexed side groups. positive correlations CHO, CHNO, CHOS, CHOS Actinomyces indicate actively interacted community. 44% CHO compounds have same molecular formula two closed 7% higher Meanwhile, dynamically migrate via interstitial because solubility changes under transformation, has been proved by decrease contents humus tryptophan-like substances bottom surface lower carbohydrate unsaturated aromatic hydrocarbon helps predict structure during migration provides scientific basis environmental remediation high concentration carbon.

Язык: Английский

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