Environmental Pollution,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
336, С. 122400 - 122400
Опубликована: Авг. 16, 2023
With
vehicle
fleets
transitioning
from
internal
combustion
engines
(ICE)
to
electric
powertrains,
we
have
used
friction
brake
power
simulations,
for
different
classes
and
driving
styles,
predict
the
impact
of
regenerative
braking
systems
(RBS)
on
wear
particulate
matter
emissions
(PM10
PM2.5).
Under
same
powertrain,
subcompact
(SC)
vehicles
were
predicted
require
between
38
68%
less
than
heavier
sports
utility
(L-SUV).
However,
despite
hybrid
being
ICE
vehicles,
results
show
that
RBS
would
reduce
by
64
95%.
The
study
highlights
effect
aggressive
amount
required,
with
powertrains
more
likely
perform
short,
but
compared
longer,
slower
events.
Brake
reductions
varied
under
conditions,
as
level
mitigation
depends
complex
interaction
several
variables,
including:
speed,
deceleration
rate,
technology
mass.
Urban
emission
factors
ranged
3.9
5.5
mg
PM10/km
1.5-2.1
PM2.5/km,
providing
an
average
reduction
in
PM
68%.
Rural
motorway
conditions
had
lower
factors,
plug-in
(PHEV)
battery
(BEV)
emitting
negligible
PM10
PM2.5
wear.
Although
powertrain
uptake,
mileage
driven
styles
are
dependent
upon
national
policies
strategies,
2035,
project
total
UK
up
39%
2020
levels.
This
analysis
supports
transition
towards
emissions,
however
increases
tyre
wear,
road
resuspension
due
increased
mass
may
offset
these
benefits.
Environment International,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
170, С. 107618 - 107618
Опубликована: Ноя. 3, 2022
Tire
wear
particles
(TWP)
are
assumed
to
be
one
of
the
major
sources
microplastic
pollution
environment.
However,
many
previously
published
studies
based
on
theoretical
estimations
rather
than
field
measurements.
To
increase
knowledge
regarding
actual
environmental
concentrations,
samples
were
collected
and
analyzed
from
different
matrices
in
a
rural
highway
environment
characterize
quantify
TWP
other
traffic-derived
non-exhaust
particles.
The
sampled
included
road
dust
(from
kerb
in-between
wheeltracks),
runoff
(water
sediment),
air.
In
addition,
airborne
deposition
was
determined
transect
with
increasing
distance
road.
Two
sieved
size
fractions
(2-20
µm
20-125
µm)
by
automated
Scanning
Electron
Microscopy/Energy
Dispersive
X-ray
spectroscopy
(SEM/EDX)
single
particle
analysis
classified
machine
learning
algorithm
into
following
subclasses:
TWP,
bitumen
(BiWP),
markings,
reflecting
glass
beads,
metals,
minerals,
biogenic/organic
relative
number
concentrations
(%)
showed
that
contained
highest
proportion
(up
38
%).
share
tended
higher
BiWP.
seasonal
BiWP
observed
coarse
(20-125
during
winter,
most
likely
studded
tire
use.
concentration
subclasses
within
PM80-1
decreases
road,
evidencing
traffic
as
main
emission
source.
results
confirm
surrounding
contain
microplastics
both
fractions.
finer
fraction
dominated
(by
mass,
volume,
number)
all
sample
matrices.
These
have
high
potential
transported
water
air
far
away
source
can
contribute
inhalable
(PM10)
This
highlights
importance
including
also
future
investigations.
Environmental Research,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
231, С. 116186 - 116186
Опубликована: Май 22, 2023
Exposure
to
particulate
matter
(PM)
has
been
associated
with
a
wide
range
of
adverse
health
effects,
but
it
is
still
unclear
how
particles
from
various
transport
modes
differ
in
terms
toxicity
and
associations
different
human
outcomes.
This
literature
review
aims
summarize
toxicological
epidemiological
studies
the
effect
ultrafine
(UFPs),
also
called
nanoparticles
(NPs,
<100
nm),
focus
on
vehicle
exhaust
(particularly
comparing
diesel
biodiesel)
non-exhaust
as
well
shipping
(harbor),
aviation
(airport)
rail
(mainly
subway/underground).
The
includes
both
collected
laboratory
tests
field
(intense
traffic
environments
or
close
harbor,
airport,
subway).
In
addition,
UFPs
are
reviewed
special
attention
aimed
at
distinguishing
effects
modes.
Results
indicate
that
fossil
biodiesel
NPs
show
toxic
effects.
Several
vivo
inhalation
not
only
impacts
lung,
triggers
cardiovascular
negative
brain,
although
few
compared
sources.
Few
were
found
NPs,
available
results
suggest
similar
traffic-related
particles.
There
little
data
related
linked
several
sources
(shipping,
road
tire
wear,
subway
NPs),
vitro
highlighted
role
metals
brake
wear
Finally,
emphasized
current
limited
knowledge
source-specific
discusses
necessity
future
research
for
better
understanding
relative
potencies
their
use
risk
assessment.
Sustainability,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(2), С. 522 - 522
Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2024
Tyre
particles
are
generated
by
shear
forces
between
the
tread
and
road
or
volatilisation.
abrasion
(wear)
contributes
from
one-third
to
half
of
microplastics
unintentionally
released
into
environment.
The
major
part
ends
up
in
soil,
a
considerable
amount
is
aquatic
environment,
small
percentage
becomes
airborne.
Nevertheless,
tyre
5–30%
transport
particulate
matter
(PM)
emissions.
This
corresponds
approximately
5%
total
ambient
PM
particle
mass
size
distribution
peak
at
around
20
100
μm,
with
second
2–10
μm
range.
A
nucleation
mode
has
been
reported
some
studies.
absolute
levels
depend
on
tyre,
vehicle,
characteristics,
but
also
environmental
conditions
driving
style.
Most
emission
factors
literature
based
data
prior
year
2000.
We
aggregated
recent
studies
found
mean
110
mg/km
per
vehicle
68
mg/km/t
for
passenger
cars
(based
300
measurements).
Based
limited
number
studies,
PM10
emissions
were
1.4–2.2
tyre.
On
other
hand,
order
1010
#/km
ratio
was
be
2.5%
average.
Finally,
PM2.5
calculated
40%.
Various
mitigation
measures
pollution
could
envisaged;
most
direct
limitation
rate,
as
proposed
European
Commission
Euro
7
regulation.
Other
regulatory
initiatives
discussed.
The Science of The Total Environment,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
926, С. 171694 - 171694
Опубликована: Март 13, 2024
To
gain
better
understanding
of
how
the
transition
to
electric
vehicles
affects
road
dust
(RD)
composition,
and
potential
health
environmental
risks,
it
is
crucial
analyze
chemical
composition
RD
identify
its
sources.
Sources
include
wear
tire
tread
(TT),
brake
(BW)
(RW).
A
relevant
component
are
particles
(TRWPs).
This
literature
review
compiles
data
on
bulk
sources,
in
Asia,
Europe
North
America
TRWP
as
a
component.
The
focus
elements
such
Cd,
Co,
Cr,
Cu,
Ni,
Pb,
V,
Zn.
Although
comparability
global
limited
due
differences
sampling
analytical
methods,
no
significant
from
Europe,
were
found
for
most
investigated
studied,
except
V.
Source
analyzed
using
elemental
markers.
On
average
TT,
BW,
RW
contributed
3
%,
1
96
respectively.
highest
concentrations
TT
(9
%)
BW
(2
observed
particle
size
fraction
≤
10
μm.
It
recommended
that
these
results
be
verified
additional
marker
compounds.
TRWPs
different
sources
revealed
(i)
isolated
tunnel
sample
composed
31
%
6
62
RW,
(ii)
test
material
stands
show
similar
content
but
likely
because
e.g.,
missing
BW.
Therefore,
need
chemically
characterized
prior
their
use
hazard
testing
validate
representativeness.
Environment International,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
178, С. 108053 - 108053
Опубликована: Июнь 18, 2023
Tire
wear
particles
(TWP)
have
become
the
major
microplastic
pollution
in
China.
Road
runoff
containing
TWP
leachate
can
decrease
eye
size
and
even
induced
mortality
aquatic
organisms.
However,
toxic
mechanism
of
road
(RP)
on
organisms
is
still
unclear.
In
this
study,
zebrafish
embryos
were
exposed
to
or
RP
for
5
days
at
both
environmental
relevant
high
concentrations.
The
adverse
outcome
pathways
(AOPs)
screened
from
individual
molecular
levels.
morphological
behavioral
analysis
demonstrated
that
exposure
mainly
impaired
development
larvae
inhibited
larval
swim
behavior
phototactic
response,
which
are
outcomes.
phototransduction
modulated
by
retina
was
significantly
down-regulated
through
transcriptomics
metabolomics
analysis.
histopathological
showed
decreased
thickness
retinal
outer
nuclear
layer
(ONL)
pigmented
epithelium
(RPE)
after
caused
photoreceptor
cells.
Moreover,
expression
NR2E3
TPO
genes
concentration-dependent
down-regulation
exposure.
inhibition
cell
proliferation
identified
as
main
reason
eye.
This
first
time,
uncovered
underlying
eyes.
