Establishing an In Vitro Model to Assess the Toxicity of 6PPD-Quinone and Other Tire Wear Transformation Products

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10(6), С. 533 - 537

Опубликована: Май 2, 2023

The tire wear transformation product 6PPD-quinone (6PPDQ) has been implicated as the causative factor for broad scale mortality events coho salmon in Pacific Northwest. Highly variable sensitivity to 6PPDQ closely related salmonids complicates efforts evaluate broader toxicological impacts aquatic ecosystems. Our goals were (1) validate large range of vivo species sensitivities reported coho, Chinook, and sockeye (2) develop an vitro platform assessing toxicity. In studies confirmed acute juvenile (12 h LC50 = 80.4 ng/L) demonstrated that not vulnerable mortality. Chinook sensitive at initial concentrations >25 μg/L, ∼10-fold greater than environmental measurements. vitro, cell line CSE-119 was acutely (metabolic EC50 7.9 cytotoxicity 6.1 μg/L). Analogous (CHSE-214) (SSE-5) lines nonresponsive both assays, rainbow trout RTG-2 cells began showing metabolic effects 68 μg/L (EC5). Recreation species-specific implicates conserved modes action could be utilized mechanistic toxicity screening other PPD products.

Язык: Английский

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Occurrence of Polymer Additives 1,3-Diphenylguanidine (DPG), N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-1,4-benzenediamine (6PPD), and Chlorinated Byproducts in Drinking Water: Contribution from Plumbing Polymer Materials

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10(10), С. 885 - 890

Опубликована: Сен. 6, 2023

While the occurrence of polymer additives in environment has gained much attention recent years, particularly through emission tire wear particles (TWPs), evidence such chemicals drinking water systems is limited. Even less information available regarding potential chlorination/chloramination transformation byproducts. In this study, we report N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-1,4-benzenediamine (6PPD), 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG), and three chlorinated byproducts (1,3-bis(2-chlorophenyl)guanidine (CC15), 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)guanidine (CC05), 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-phenylguanidine) (CC11)) samples (n = 20). DPG showed detection frequency 100%; median 4.3 ng/L (min 0.25 ng/L; max 32.6 ng/L), a by product (CC15) was also detected 100% samples; 1.7 0.29 11.2 ng/L). CC11 found 10% previously reported as potentially genotoxic. most studies have focused on rubber related origin 6PPD environment, results show major contribution other materials used household devices tap aerators, O-rings seals. Leaching demonstrated, contact with free chlorine monochloramine induced formation different halogenated

Язык: Английский

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1,3-Diphenylguanidine, benzothiazole, benzotriazole, and their derivatives in soils collected from northeastern United States

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 887, С. 164110 - 164110

Опубликована: Май 11, 2023

Язык: Английский

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P-phenylenediamine antioxidants and their quinone derivatives: A review of their environmental occurrence, accessibility, potential toxicity, and human exposure

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 948, С. 174449 - 174449

Опубликована: Июль 3, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Particle sizes crucially affected the release of additives from tire wear particles during UV irradiation and mechanical abrasion

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 470, С. 134106 - 134106

Опубликована: Март 20, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Occurrence and Oxidation Kinetics of Antioxidant p-Phenylenediamines and Their Quinones in Recycled Rubber Particles from Artificial Turf

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11(4), С. 335 - 341

Опубликована: Март 25, 2024

N,N′-Substituted p-phenylenediamines (PPDs) are widely utilized as rubber antioxidants and emitted into the environment with their transformation products (TPs) including highly toxic 6PPD-quinone. However, occurrence of PPDs TPs in inconspicuous oxidation kinetics under natural aging conditions remains unclear. Herein, we performed a field survey these compounds crumb rubbers from 40 school artificial turfs. Twelve were frequently detected particles, dominated by well-known N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) N-isopropyl-N′-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (IPPD), well PPD-Qs. One pristine material was chosen to simulate process examine kinetics. The concentrations all powder decreased > 50% within 4 days aging, much faster than that suggesting size effect on oxidation. Different had distinct degrees both simulated experiments. Besides ozone, found high temperature could induce significantly decay particles UV exposure. In sum, our investigations reveal PPD-Qs is ubiquitous chemically specific turf, which be affected particle key factors controlling

Язык: Английский

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Comprehensive Identification and Ubiquitous Occurrence of Eight Classes of Rubber-Derived Vulcanization Accelerators in Urban Dusts

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 58(11), С. 5117 - 5128

Опубликована: Март 5, 2024

Vulcanization accelerators (VAs) serve as crucial additives in synthetic rubber on a global scale. Despite their widespread use, the environmental presence, distribution, and associated exposure risks of VAs remain poorly understood. This study compiled target list conducted screening for eight classes encompassing 42 diverse urban dust samples from South China. A total 40 were detectable across all four studied regions, among which 30 identified first time environment. Among structure-classified VA classes, xanthates exhibited highest concentrations (median: 3810–81,300 ng/g), followed by thiazoles, guanidines, sulfenamides, dithiocarbamates, thiurams, thioureas, others. The median (∑VAs) determined to be 5060 ng/g road dust, 5730 parking lot 29,200 vehicle repair plant 84,300 household indicating presence numerous rubber-derived various environments. marked systematic effort identify wide range emerging prevalent findings call increased attention these widely utilized but less well-evaluated chemicals future research management efforts.

Язык: Английский

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Fragmentation Pattern-Based Screening Strategy Combining Diagnostic Ion and Neutral Loss Uncovered Novel para-Phenylenediamine Quinone Contaminants in the Environment

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 58(13), С. 5921 - 5931

Опубликована: Март 21, 2024

Identifying transformed emerging contaminants in complex environmental compartments is a challenging but meaningful task. Substituted para-phenylenediamine quinones (PPD-quinones) are originating from rubber antioxidants and have been proven to be toxic the aquatic species, especially salmonids. The emergence of multiple PPD-quinones various matrices evidence their specific hazards underscore need understand occurrences. Here, we introduce fragmentation pattern-based nontargeted screening strategy combining full MS/All ion fragmentation/neutral loss-ddMS2 scans identify potential unknown different matrices. Using diagnostic fragments m/z 170.0600, 139.0502, characteristic neutral losses 199.0633, 138.0429 Da, six known three novel were recognized air particulates, surface soil, tire tissue. Their structures confirmed, concentration composition profiles clarified with self-synthesized standards. N-(1-methylheptyl)-N′-phenyl-1,4-benzenediamine quinone (8PPD-Q) N,N′-di(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-p-phenylenediamine (66PD-Q) identified quantified for first time, median concentrations found 0.02–0.21 μg·g–1 tissue, 0.40–2.76 pg·m–3 particles, 0.23–1.02 ng·g–1 soil. This work provides new presence environment, showcasing environment.

Язык: Английский

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Small-Intensity Rainfall Triggers Greater Contamination of Rubber-Derived Chemicals in Road Stormwater Runoff from Various Functional Areas in Megalopolis Cities

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 58(29), С. 13056 - 13064

Опубликована: Июнь 20, 2024

Rubber-derived chemicals (RDCs) originating from tire and road wear particles are transported into stormwater runoff, potentially threatening organisms in receiving watersheds. However, there is a lack of knowledge on time variation novel RDCs limiting initial rainwater treatment subsequent resource utilization. In this study, we investigated the levels time−concentration profiles 35 target runoff eight functional areas Greater Bay Area, South China. The results showed that total concentrations were highest expressway compared with other seven areas. N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), 6PPD-quinone, benzothiazole, 1,3-diphenylguanidine top four highlighted (ND−228840 ng/L). Seasonal spatial differences revealed higher RDC dry season as well less-developed regions. A lag effect reaching peak was revealed, 10−90 min expressways. Small-intensity rainfall triggers greater contamination rubber-derived runoff. Environmental risk assessment indicated 35% posed high risk, especially PPD-quinones (risk quotient up to 2663). Our findings contribute better understanding managing for pollution.

Язык: Английский

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Comprehensive Nontargeted Analysis of Drinking Water Supplies to Identify Chemicals Associated with Estrogen Receptor Agonism or Present in Regions of Elevated Breast Cancer Occurrence

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 5, 2025

To explore the hypothesis that differential exposures to estrogen active chemicals may contribute regional disparities in cancer incidence, a comprehensive targeted and nontargeted analysis was conducted over two seasons (2020) for drinking water samples from 120 households served by 8 public systems (4 with historically elevated breast incidence) 15 brands of retail water. All were analyzed using gas liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry bioassay receptor agonism. Target compounds included disinfection byproducts, per- polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), trace elements, selected their possible relation cancer. Over 7500 GC LC molecular features passed all quality control filters each sampling season prioritized identification if they related measured agonism or present at higher levels areas high incidence (n = 1036). Benzothiazole-2-sulfonic acid, acetyl tributyl citrate, diphenyl sulfone among confirmed nontarget compounds. Nine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ketone derivatives displayed significant negative correlations Many remained unidentified, as 84.4% 77.5% could not be annotated confidence.

Язык: Английский

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