ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(17), С. 6494 - 6508
Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2024
Unsaturated
biopolymers
(e.g.,
natural
rubber
(NR))
are
highly
vulnerable
to
thermo-oxidative
degradation,
which
causes
premature
failure
of
NR
products.
As
an
indispensable
antioxidant
globally,
6PPD
(N-(1,3-dimethyl
butyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine)
is
employed
retard
the
aging
NR.
Unluckily,
and
6PPD-quinone
(an
oxidative
product
6PPD)
harmful
aquatic
human
life
and,
thus,
obviously
merit
their
replacement
with
sustainable
safer
antioxidants
for
environmental
protection.
This
study
explored
use
curcumin
NR-based
polymer
nanocomposites
(PNCs).
The
combined
experimental,
molecular
dynamics
(MD),
quantum
mechanics
(QM)
simulations
implemented
analyze
effect
isomeric
forms
on
protective
mechanism,
stability,
solubility,
dispersibility,
diffusion
in
matrix.
results
revealed
that
both
scavenged
free
radical
preferentially
via
a
hydrogen
atom
transfer
mechanism.
computed
transition
state
energies
show
curcumin's
enolic
form
(i.e.,
Curcumin
(E))
interacts
ROO.
(peroxy)
radicals
lower
barrier
energy
compared
could
protect
from
aging.
MD
have
shown
interfacial
interactions
at
NR-curcumin
interface
resulted
stronger
binding
energies,
thus
improving
solubility
dispersibility
mean
square
displacement
than
6PPD.
While
migration
necessary
replenish
concentrations
tire
surface,
higher
rate
may
cause
physical
loss
decrease
service
NR-PNCs.
Overall,
NR-PNCs
loaded
exhibited
improved
resistance
viscoelastic
performance
PNCs
made
Thus,
as
safe
antioxidant,
open
essential
avenue
toward
substantial
pollution
abatement
accumulated
waste
products
making
"Greener
NR-PNCs.″
Frontiers in Environmental Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12
Опубликована: Май 28, 2024
Introduction
Tire
and
road
wear
particles
are
one
of
the
most
abundant
types
microplastic
entering
environment.
The
toxicity
tire
has
been
linked
to
their
organic
additives
associated
transformation
products.
particles,
tire-derived
compounds
introduced
agricultural
environment
via
atmospheric
deposition,
irrigation
with
reclaimed
wastewater,
use
biosolids
(treated
sewage
sludge)
as
fertilizer.
In
environment,
these
could
be
taken
up
by
edible
plants,
leading
human
exposure.
Methods
Sixteen
were
measured
in
twenty-eight
commercial
leafy
vegetable
samples
from
four
countries.
Based
on
results,
estimated
daily
intake
was
calculated
due
consumption
based
local
diets
under
a
mean
maximum
concentration
scenario.
Results
vegetables,
six
detected:
benzothiazole
(maximum
concentration—238
ng/g
dry
weight),
2-hydroxybenzothiazole
concentration—665
1,3-diphenylguanidine
concentration—2.1
N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine
(6PPD,
concentration—0.4
N-Isopropyl-N-phenyl-4-phenylenediamine
(IPPD,
concentration—0.1
N-phenyl-N-cyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine
(CPPD,
concentration—0.3
weight).
At
least
compound
present
71%
analyzed.
for
ranged
0.05
ng/person/day
scenario
4.0
scenario;
12
1,296
ng/person/day;
6PPD
0.06
2.6
IPPD
0.04
1.1
CPPD
ng/person/day.
Discussion
Statistical
analyses
did
not
reveal
correlation
between
known
growth
conditions
concentrations
samples.
generally
lower
than
or
comparable
other
sources.
However,
we
show
that
foodstuff,
exposure
might
higher
produce.
Future
studies
needed
uncover
pathways
food,
assess
products,
investigate
biological
effects
this
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(17), С. 6494 - 6508
Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2024
Unsaturated
biopolymers
(e.g.,
natural
rubber
(NR))
are
highly
vulnerable
to
thermo-oxidative
degradation,
which
causes
premature
failure
of
NR
products.
As
an
indispensable
antioxidant
globally,
6PPD
(N-(1,3-dimethyl
butyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine)
is
employed
retard
the
aging
NR.
Unluckily,
and
6PPD-quinone
(an
oxidative
product
6PPD)
harmful
aquatic
human
life
and,
thus,
obviously
merit
their
replacement
with
sustainable
safer
antioxidants
for
environmental
protection.
This
study
explored
use
curcumin
NR-based
polymer
nanocomposites
(PNCs).
The
combined
experimental,
molecular
dynamics
(MD),
quantum
mechanics
(QM)
simulations
implemented
analyze
effect
isomeric
forms
on
protective
mechanism,
stability,
solubility,
dispersibility,
diffusion
in
matrix.
results
revealed
that
both
scavenged
free
radical
preferentially
via
a
hydrogen
atom
transfer
mechanism.
computed
transition
state
energies
show
curcumin's
enolic
form
(i.e.,
Curcumin
(E))
interacts
ROO.
(peroxy)
radicals
lower
barrier
energy
compared
could
protect
from
aging.
MD
have
shown
interfacial
interactions
at
NR-curcumin
interface
resulted
stronger
binding
energies,
thus
improving
solubility
dispersibility
mean
square
displacement
than
6PPD.
While
migration
necessary
replenish
concentrations
tire
surface,
higher
rate
may
cause
physical
loss
decrease
service
NR-PNCs.
Overall,
NR-PNCs
loaded
exhibited
improved
resistance
viscoelastic
performance
PNCs
made
Thus,
as
safe
antioxidant,
open
essential
avenue
toward
substantial
pollution
abatement
accumulated
waste
products
making
"Greener
NR-PNCs.″
