Heliyon,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
11(4), С. e42523 - e42523
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025
This
study
estimates
water
consumption
in
two
lithium
mines
(Olaroz
and
Fénix)
that
use
different
extraction
technologies
Argentina's
salt
flats.
Based
on
Environmental
Impact
Reports
(EIRs),
we
assess
the
footprint
(WF)
brine
(BC)
both
mines.
To
best
of
our
knowledge,
this
is
first
to
estimate
WF
BC
for
provides
data
better
understand
its
implications
local
ecosystems
communities.
We
also
contextualize
freshwater
projects
by
estimating
blue
intensity
(WIblue)
population
equivalent
(PE),
namely
number
inhabitants
would
consume
an
volume
water.
Total
was
51.0
135.5
m3/ton
carbonate
(Li2CO3)
Olaroz
Fénix,
respectively.
Per
unit
product,
2.7
times
higher
Fénix
but
Olaroz.
WIblue
indicates
that,
while
had
a
WFblue,
impact
availability
moderate
due
greater
availability.
WFblue
32,238
141,047
their
nearest
towns
(Susques
Antofagasta
de
la
Sierra,
respectively,
with
current
less
than
2,100
inhabitants).
Our
findings
underscore
mining
can
have
important
impacts
vary
significantly
geographic
context.
EIRs
provide
useful
basis
BC,
though
certain
limitations
challenges
persist,
particularly
regarding
incomplete
or
insufficiently
detailed
data.
ACS Applied Energy Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2024
Sustainable
energy
conversion,
chemical
manufacturing,
and
separations
are
central
to
addressing
the
world's
environmental
challenges.
Electrochemical
platforms
stand
as
a
cornerstone
in
these
challenges
because
they
low
exergy
can
be
powered
on
renewable
electrons.
In
electrochemical
systems,
bipolar
membranes
(BPMs)
emerging
unique
class
of
ion
exchange
poised
revolutionize
various
processes
via
pH
control
anode
cathode
chambers
situ
adjustment.
this
Spotlight
Review,
we
provide
comprehensive
review
utilizing
BPMs
for
conversion
(water
electrolyzers
hydrogen
production,
fuel
cells,
flow
batteries),
manufacturing
(electrolyzers
that
convert
carbon
dioxide
into
value-added
chemicals
nitrate
ammonia),
separations.
The
motivation
using
BPMs,
well
their
performance
durability,
disseminated.
We
also
discuss
current
impede
BPM
systems
from
competing
with
state-of-the-art
monopolar
ion-exchange
(e.g.,
anion/hydroxide
cation/proton
membranes).
covers
molecular
modeling
continuum
efforts
understand
basic
mechanisms
govern
performance.
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2025
This
study
presents
a
novel
approach
to
the
selective
separation
of
aluminum
from
waste
cryolite
electrolyte
with
two
nanofiltration
membranes:
conventional
polyamide
membrane
and
coated
polyelectrolyte
layer.
Utilizing
transmission
electron
microscopy
Fourier
transform
infrared
spectroscopy,
we
find
that
coating
significantly
increases
density
positively
charged
ammonium
groups
on
surface,
thereby
enhancing
Donnan
exclusion
ions.
Notably,
enhances
sodium/aluminum
factor
by
55%.
Our
experimental
results
demonstrate
sustains
high
rejection
rates,
averaging
99.1%,
while
permitting
substantial
permeation
sodium,
lithium,
potassium
permeability
is
pronounced
at
lower
pH
levels,
where
peaks
102.02
for
chloride-rich
cryolite.
process
modeling
using
steric
pore
model
dielectric
substantiates
practical
viability
Donnan-enhanced
processing
module-scale
analysis
indicates
efficient
concentration
in
retentate,
achieving
ratio
approximately
2.6,
viable
upcycling
promoting
circular
economy.
Furthermore,
aluminum-depleted
permeate,
cationic
composition
as
low
0.00194%,
makes
ample
progress
toward
benignly
disposable
effluent,
reducing
industry's
environmental
footprint.
Heliyon,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
11(4), С. e42523 - e42523
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025
This
study
estimates
water
consumption
in
two
lithium
mines
(Olaroz
and
Fénix)
that
use
different
extraction
technologies
Argentina's
salt
flats.
Based
on
Environmental
Impact
Reports
(EIRs),
we
assess
the
footprint
(WF)
brine
(BC)
both
mines.
To
best
of
our
knowledge,
this
is
first
to
estimate
WF
BC
for
provides
data
better
understand
its
implications
local
ecosystems
communities.
We
also
contextualize
freshwater
projects
by
estimating
blue
intensity
(WIblue)
population
equivalent
(PE),
namely
number
inhabitants
would
consume
an
volume
water.
Total
was
51.0
135.5
m3/ton
carbonate
(Li2CO3)
Olaroz
Fénix,
respectively.
Per
unit
product,
2.7
times
higher
Fénix
but
Olaroz.
WIblue
indicates
that,
while
had
a
WFblue,
impact
availability
moderate
due
greater
availability.
WFblue
32,238
141,047
their
nearest
towns
(Susques
Antofagasta
de
la
Sierra,
respectively,
with
current
less
than
2,100
inhabitants).
Our
findings
underscore
mining
can
have
important
impacts
vary
significantly
geographic
context.
EIRs
provide
useful
basis
BC,
though
certain
limitations
challenges
persist,
particularly
regarding
incomplete
or
insufficiently
detailed
data.
