The Science of The Total Environment,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
967, С. 178644 - 178644
Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2025
This
manuscript
systematically
reviews
156
peer-reviewed
articles
on
methods
for
estimating
total
per-
and
polyfluoroalkyl
substances
(PFAS),
following
preferred
reporting
items
systematic
meta-analyses
(PRISMA)
guidelines.
Direct
indirect
of
PFAS
include
targeted
analysis,
fluorine
(TF),
organic
(TOF),
extractable
(EOF),
absorbable
(AOF),
oxidizable
precursor
(TOP)
assay.
Combustion
ion
chromatography
(CIC)
was
the
most
utilized
method
(>50%),
followed
by
particle-induced
gamma-ray
emission
(PIGE,
9%)
high-resolution-continuum
source
graphite
furnace
molecular
absorption
spectrometry
(HR-CS-GFMAS,
6%).
Techniques
like
instrumental
neutron
activation
analysis
(INAA)
nuclear
magnetic
resonance
(NMR)
were
less
common.
A
geographic
bias
evident,
with
69%
studies
from
US
(33%),
Sweden
(12%),
China
Germany
(11%).
Most
research
environmental
samples
(water,
soil,
sediments),
while
significant
data
gaps
noted
in
South
America,
Africa,
atmospheric
PFAS.
Challenges
inter-laboratory
comparisons
arise
inconsistent
units
(e.g.,
mg/L,
μg/m3,
%,
etc.).
About
75%
involved
pre-treatment
solvent
extraction,
sorbents),
25%
did
not.
detection
limit
observed
concentrations
varied
widely,
low
water
(ng/L)
to
higher
levels
biota,
products
(mg/L).
Limitations
contradictory
results
when
complementary
techniques
are
applied
same
sample,
potentially
leading
over-
or
under-estimation.
Across
studies,
a
substantial
fraction
TF
remains
unaccounted
for,
highlighting
need
non-targeted
screening
(NTS)
identify
unknown
(UPFAS
UOPFAS).
Bridging
these
is
critical
advancing
risk
assessment.
Environment International,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
198, С. 109444 - 109444
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025
Fluorine-related
industrial
discharges
are
the
main
source
of
per-
and
polyfluoroalkyl
substances
(PFAS)
contamination
in
surrounding
surface
waters,
but
long-term
environmental
impacts
their
residual
PFAS
interactions
between
dissolved
organic
matter
(DOM)
field
waters
have
rarely
been
discussed.
In
this
study,
concentrations
32
target
were
quantified,
50
identified
semi-quantified
by
suspect
nontarget
screening,
molecular
characteristics
DOM
analyzed
water
Shanghai.
Concentrations
∑PFAS
284
∼
3018
ng/L.
Perfluorobutane
sulfonate
acid
(PFBS)
perfluorooctanoic
(PFOA)
remained
predominant
compounds
at
most
sampling
sites,
hexafluoropropylene
oxide
trimer
(HFPO-TA)
exhibited
extremely
high
values
a
few
specific
sites.
Near
historical
fluorotelomer
manufacturer
which
was
closed
2017,
concentration
still
high-level
1800
Thirteen
including
7
iodinated
perfluoroalkyl
acids
(IPFAAs)
100
%
samples.
A
total
8134
formulas
identified.
For
elemental
composition,
CHOS
(24
%)
has
highest
percentage,
while
for
species,
lignin
(36
proportion
molecules.
When
assignment
fluorine
included
analysis,
percentage
fluorine-containing
reached
to
55
%,
suggesting
anthropogenic
influences.
Emerging
PFAS,
i.e.,
perfluoropentanoic
(PFPeA)
dimer
(HFPO-DA)
negatively
related
(p
<
0.05)
due
microorganism
activities.
This
study
revealed
persistent
impact
fluorine-related
industries
behavior
aquatic
environments,
providing
support
systematic
comprehensive
evaluation
health.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Сен. 9, 2024
Firefighting
foam
is
a
significant
source
of
per-
and
polyfluoroalkyl
substances
(PFAS)
pollution,
yet
the
PFAS
profiles
in
formulations,
particularly
China,
remain
unclear.
Here,
using
target
nontarget
analyses,
we
investigated
50
firefighting
foams
currently
utilized
identified
novel
PFAS,
discovered
new
end
products
through
total
oxidizable
precursor
(TOP)
assay.
We
54
compounds
(spanning
34
classes
containing
seven
PFAS)
with
concentrations
0.03-21.21
mM.
Among
four
met
persistence,
bioaccumulation,
toxicity
criteria,
another
had
highest
ToxPi
score
among
PFAS.
Moreover,
predominant
varied
significantly
studied
differed
markedly
from
those
used
other
countries.
After
TOP
assay,
analysis
uncovered
1.1-55.5%
more
precursors
8.25-55.5%
fluorine
equivalents
compared
to
traditional
combined
Specifically,
three
double-bond
perfluorinated
alcohols
were
for
first
time
as
This
study
provides
crucial
information
pollution
control
risk
assessment
associated
applications
emphasizes
importance
combining
assay
uncovering
unknown
precursors.
