A systematic review for non-targeted analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 960, С. 178240 - 178240

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

This review follows the PRISMA guidelines to provide a systematic of 115 peer reviewed articles that used non-targeted analysis (NTA) methods detect per- and polyfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS). literature highlights significant positive impact NTA in understanding PFAS environment. Within geographical bias exists, with most studies (∼60 %) conducted United States China. Future other regions (such as South America Africa) are needed gain more global understanding. More research is required marine environments atmosphere, current focus mainly on freshwater, groundwater, soil, sediments. The majority measuring environment, rather than commercial products (with exception AFFF). Non-lethal blood sampling has been successful for humans wildlife, but additional biomonitoring exposed cohorts understand health risks biotransformation pathways. mostly use liquid chromatography negative ionisation, which biases towards detection specific PFAS. Despite improvements data reporting quality assurance control (QA/QC) procedures, factors such false rates often overlooked, many workflows remain highly subjective. Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) perfluoroalkyl sulfonic (PFSAs) detected classes, identified over 80 % studies, common routine monitoring. However, our >1000 from total 382 different 300 classes found fewer 5 studies. variety present limitations relying solely targeted methods. monitoring programs regulations would benefit considering comprehensive information

Язык: Английский

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Nontarget Analysis of Legacy and Emerging PFAS in a Lithium-Ion Power Battery Recycling Park and Their Possible Toxicity Measured Using High-Throughput Phenotype Screening

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 58(32), С. 14530 - 14540

Опубликована: Июль 17, 2024

Driven by the global popularity of electric vehicles and shortage critical raw materials for batteries, spent lithium-ion power battery (LIPB) recycling industry has exhibited explosive growth in both quantity scale. However, relatively little information is known about environmental risks posed LIPB recycling, particular with regards to perfluoroalkyl polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). In this work, suspect screening nontarget analysis were carried out characterize PFAS soil, dust, water sediment from a area. Twenty-five nine classes identified at confidence level 3 or above, including 13 legacy 12 emerging PFAS, as well two ultrashort-chain PFAS. Based on target 16 least detected each sample, indicating their widespread presence Perfluorodecanoic acid, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid trifluoromethanesulfonamide showed significant differences four phenotypic parameters (growth, movement, survival fecundity)

Язык: Английский

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Biotic and abiotic transformations of aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF)-derived emerging polyfluoroalkyl substances in aerobic soil slurry

Water Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 276, С. 123284 - 123284

Опубликована: Фев. 11, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Development of a Nontargeted Algorithm for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in the FT-ICR Mass Spectra of Complex Organic Mixtures

Analytical Chemistry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 6, 2025

The unrivaled mass resolving power and subppm error enable the application of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) for nontargeted screening per- polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Few automated FT-ICR MS methods exist analysis PFAS in solutions containing other dissolved organic matter. In this study, isotopic pattern dynamic homologous series inspection were complementarily employed FTMSDeu algorithm to simultaneously assign chemical formulas molecules, with an overall assignment accuracy 91.2% 1,802 unique their 11,634 formulas. negative effects fluorine-related isobaric isotopes sub-mDa differences on formula natural matter addressed by empirical F/(H + X) rule adoption a threshold number plus number. There 203 one novel formula, C9H6O4S1I1F11, identified fluoropolymer industry-impacted river water sample using our analyzing spectra. Overall, results study highlighted great potential updated high-throughput spectra complex mixtures from real environmental samples.

Язык: Английский

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Thermal Destruction Pathways and Kinetics for NTf2 and Longer-Chain Bis(perfluoroalkanesulfonyl)imides (Bis-FASIs)

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11(11), С. 1254 - 1259

Опубликована: Окт. 18, 2024

A growing number of recent studies have reported the global environmental occurrence bis(perfluoroalkanesulfonyl)imides (bis-FASIs). While shorter-chain bis-FASIs such as NTf2 (aka bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide or bistriflimide) are often tied to battery and energy sectors, aqueous film-forming foams may be potential sources longer-chain bis-FASIs. As remediation technologies for destruction these persistent per- polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) urgently needed but not yet been identified, we investigated effectiveness incineration using quantum chemical calculations. At temperatures around 600 °C, parent readily decompose through carbon–sulfur bond cleavage a minor extent nitrogen–sulfur cleavage. However, mineralization released perfluoroalkyl substituent HF CO2 only proceeds at >900 °C. Temperature requirements slightly increase with chain length due time required break additional C–C bonds. Under conditions ≥1000 °C typical secondary combustion units in hazardous waste incinerators, complete thermal is viable given all other process variables optimized. The same true treatment operating lower gas-phase unless catalytic effects activation barriers.

Язык: Английский

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Suspect and Nontarget Analysis of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Groundwater Underlying Different Land-Use Areas

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2025

Groundwater can be contaminated by PFAS emissions, yet research on the presence and associated risks of in groundwater underlying different land-use areas remains limited. Herein, high-resolution mass spectrometry-based suspect nontarget analyses were performed to determine occurrence samples obtained from a rural area, planting region, vicinities pharmaceutical park, an airport, industrial park Datong City, China. A total 31 (16 emerging 15 legacy PFAS) identified, ΣPFAS concentrations ranged 0.775 (rural area) 80.7 ng/L (pharmaceutical park). In terms average concentration ΣPFAS, predominant groundwater, whereas other four areas. PFOA, PFDA, PFUnDA, 6:2 FTS detected all samples. To further prioritize risk identified detection frequency; concentration; persistence, bioaccumulation, toxicity attributes adopted, which showed that high-risk compounds varied across Our results reveal ubiquitous contamination environments, even with limited human activity, highlight necessity analysis for assessing exposure through groundwater.

Язык: Английский

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Perfluorinated Carbon Chain Length Drives Uptake of Diverse Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Field-Deployed Passive Samplers

ACS ES&T Water, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 7, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Combination of Passive Sampling and Non-targeted Analysis of Environmental Water Samples

˜The œhandbook of environmental chemistry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Unraveling the Exposure Spectrum of PFAS in Fluorochemical Occupational Workers: Structural Diversity, Temporal Trends, and Risk Prioritization

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 18, 2025

Despite extensive poly/perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) discovery studies in various samples, the exposure spectrum fluorochemical occupational workers remains largely unexplored. Here, serum samples from 28 at a facility were analyzed using nontarget techniques, identifying 64 PFAS classes, including 15 novel ones such as pentafluorosulfur ether-substituted perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids, hydrogen-substituted perfluoroalkylamines, and perfluoroalkylsulfonyl protocatechualdehyde esters. Temporal trend analyses (2008–2018) revealed stable levels for most but an increase perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) perfluorohexanesulfonic (PFHxS), suggesting industrial shifts long-chain to short-chain homologues China since early 2010s. Commonly reported structurally modified (e.g., hydrogen/carbonyl/chlorine substitution, ether insertion, unsaturation) likely historical byproducts of legacy production rather than intentionally manufactured alternatives. A Toxicological Priority Index-based risk assessment, integrating mobility, persistence, bioaccumulation indices, identified di(perfluoroakyl sulfonyl)imides, acids/carboxylic perfluoroalkylsulfonamidoacetic acids high-risk chemicals. Overall, exhibited higher mobility lower persistence PFAS, except chlorinated variants, which showed increased potential. This study highlights critical gaps historically emitted emphasizes need large-scale monitoring assessments manage emerging PFAS.

Язык: Английский

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Molecular characteristics of emerging perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) in surface waters around fluorine-related industries in a Chinese Megacity

Environment International, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 198, С. 109444 - 109444

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Fluorine-related industrial discharges are the main source of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination in surrounding surface waters, but long-term environmental impacts their residual PFAS interactions between dissolved organic matter (DOM) field waters have rarely been discussed. In this study, concentrations 32 target were quantified, 50 identified semi-quantified by suspect nontarget screening, molecular characteristics DOM analyzed water Shanghai. Concentrations ∑PFAS 284 ∼ 3018 ng/L. Perfluorobutane sulfonate acid (PFBS) perfluorooctanoic (PFOA) remained predominant compounds at most sampling sites, hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer (HFPO-TA) exhibited extremely high values a few specific sites. Near historical fluorotelomer manufacturer which was closed 2017, concentration still high-level 1800 Thirteen including 7 iodinated perfluoroalkyl acids (IPFAAs) 100 % samples. A total 8134 formulas identified. For elemental composition, CHOS (24 %) has highest percentage, while for species, lignin (36 proportion molecules. When assignment fluorine included analysis, percentage fluorine-containing reached to 55 %, suggesting anthropogenic influences. Emerging PFAS, i.e., perfluoropentanoic (PFPeA) dimer (HFPO-DA) negatively related (p < 0.05) due microorganism activities. This study revealed persistent impact fluorine-related industries behavior aquatic environments, providing support systematic comprehensive evaluation health.

Язык: Английский

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