Developing Aquatic Life Criteria for Benzalkonium Chlorides Based on QSAR-ICE-SSD Prediction and Ecological Risk Assessment
ACS ES&T Water,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2025
Язык: Английский
Elevated Concentrations of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds in Childcare Centers: A Pilot Study
Journal of Hazardous Materials Letters,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 100138 - 100138
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
Язык: Английский
Comprehensive Investigation of Airborne Benzalkonium Ion Behavior Following Nebulization: Implications for Indoor Air Quality and Health Risk Assessment
Indoor Air,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
2025(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
The
COVID‐19
pandemic
has
intensified
the
use
of
quaternary
ammonium
compound
(QAC)
disinfectants,
raising
concerns
about
potential
health
effects.
This
study
investigated
airborne
behavior
benzalkonium
chloride
(BKC),
a
common
QAC,
sprayed
at
500
ppm
for
4
min
in
105
m
3
space
using
automatic
and
manual
methods.
Airborne
BKC
was
collected
via
an
air
pump
quantified
LC‐ESI‐MRM/MS.
Results
showed
that
concentrations
peaked
during
spraying
but
rapidly
decreased
thereafter,
becoming
negligible
within
8–12
postspraying.
Cumulative
capture
exhibited
sigmoidal
trend
with
time,
maximum
captures
8.21
μ
g
(front)
1.36
(back)
spraying,
0.14
0.29
spraying.
“exposure
to
spray
model”
applied
determine
parameters
such
as
fraction
settling
velocity.
Hazard
quotients
(HQs)
were
calculated
based
on
cumulative
captures,
all
values
remaining
below
1,
indicating
minimal
risks.
Specifically,
sprayer,
HQs
0.856
0.142
(rear),
while
they
0.015
0.030
(rear).
highest
HQ
0.856,
observed
front
location,
suggests
some
caution
may
be
warranted
this
scenario.
demonstrates
can
significant
decrease
postapplication,
leading
limited
exposure
These
findings
provide
valuable
insights
into
safe
QAC
disinfectants
their
impact
indoor
quality,
particularly
relevant
context
increased
disinfectant
practices
pandemic.
Язык: Английский
Photochemical transformation of benzalkonium chloride in seawater
Journal of Hazardous Materials,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
493, С. 138312 - 138312
Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2025
Язык: Английский
Legacy pollution of floodplain soils with quaternary ammonium compounds - Insights into vertical distribution, historical trends and suspected microplastic carriers
Environmental Pollution,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 126343 - 126343
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025
Quaternary
ammonium
compounds
(QACs)
are
antimicrobials
and
cationic
surfactants
used
since
the
early
20th
century
but
increasingly
under
scrutiny
because
of
their
biocidal
properties
potential
to
induce
antimicrobial
resistance.
Although
recognized
as
aquatic
contaminants,
little
is
known
about
entry,
persistence
effects
QACs
in
floodplain
soils.
Due
sorption
suspended
particulate
matter
(SPM),
we
hypothesized
that
floodplains
may
have
acted
sinks
for
QAC
contamination
aquatic-terrestrial
interface
decades.
Thus,
expected
vertical
distributions
dated
soil
profiles
reflect
historical
emissions
flood
deposits.
Moreover,
particle-associated
entry
with
SPM
microplastics
(MPs)
be
a
key
input
pathway.
We
therefore
assessed
depth
distribution
31
two
soils
German
river
Lahn
by
high
performance
liquid
chromatography-mass
spectrometry
after
ultrasonic
extraction.
Correlation
analysis
between
MP
(>500
μm)
concentrations
cluster
homologue
patterns
different
were
identify
probable
routes.
detected
down
90
cm
depth,
corresponding
1920s-1930s,
peak
layers
related
recent
hundred-year
flood.
Highest
up
mg
kg-1
semi-quantified
dimethyldioctadecylammonium
tentatively
exceeded
ecotoxicological
effect
thresholds
twofold.
Concentrations
several
correlated
positively
contents
while
showed
similarity
topsoil
segments,
highlighting
importance
entry.
These
findings
confirm
potentially
persistent
contaminants
concern
Язык: Английский
Organic Cation Transporter Mediates the Uptake of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds in Arabidopsis
Environmental Science & Technology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Май 16, 2025
Quaternary
ammonium
compounds
(QACs),
widely
used
in
consumer
products
and
pharmaceuticals,
are
increasingly
released
into
soils
can
accumulate
plants,
posing
significant
ecological
health
risks.
While
plant
uptake
mechanisms
for
QACs
remain
poorly
characterized,
this
study
identifies
organic
cation
transporter
1
(OCT1)
as
a
potential
mediator
of
QAC
absorption
Arabidopsis.
Root
experiments
demonstrated
reduced
accumulation
under
treatments
with
metabolic
OCT
inhibitors.
Transcriptional
upregulation
AtOCT1
QAC-exposed
wild-type
along
functional
validation
through
yeast
heterologous
expression
systems,
implicated
cationic
pollutant
absorption.
Comparative
analysis
revealed
12%-42%
lower
root
concentrations
mutants
compared
to
while
overexpression
lines
exhibited
9.4%-43%
increases
alongside
enhanced
sensitivity.
Molecular
docking
simulations
stronger
binding
affinities
between
its
native
substrate
L-carnitine,
microscale
thermophoresis
confirming
direct
interactions.
Quantitative
structure-activity
relationship
identified
electronic
energy,
molecular
weight,
polarizability
critical
determinants
AtOCT1-mediated
transport
efficiency.
These
findings
establish
the
biological
structural
role
uptake,
advancing
mechanistic
understanding
transporter-mediated
ionizable
pollutants.
Язык: Английский
Reproductive & developmental toxicity of quaternary ammonium compounds
Biology of Reproduction,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
111(4), С. 742 - 756
Опубликована: Июль 3, 2024
Quaternary
ammonium
compounds
are
a
class
of
chemicals
commonly
used
as
disinfectants
in
household
and
healthcare
settings.
Their
usage
has
significantly
increased
recent
years
due
to
the
COVID-19
pandemic.
In
addition,
quaternary
have
replaced
recently
banned
triclosan
triclocarban
consumer
products.
found
daily
antimicrobial
personal
care
products
such
disinfectants,
mouthwash,
hair
Due
pervasiveness
use
products,
humans
constantly
exposed.
However,
little
is
known
about
health
effects
everyday
compound
exposure,
particularly
on
human
reproduction
development.
Studies
that
investigate
harmful
largely
limited
high-dose
studies,
which
may
not
be
predictive
low-dose,
especially
endocrine-disrupting
chemicals.
This
review
analyzes
studies
reproductive
health,
identifies
knowledge
gaps,
recommends
future
directions
compound-related
research.
Summary
Sentence
compounds,
disinfecting
skyrocketed
during
pandemic,
emerging
developmental
toxicants.
Язык: Английский
Source and Bioavailability of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs) in Dust: Implications for Nationwide Exposure in China
Journal of Hazardous Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
480, С. 136268 - 136268
Опубликована: Окт. 28, 2024
Язык: Английский
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds in Paired Samples of Blood and Indoor Dust from the United States
Environmental Science & Technology Letters,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Ноя. 6, 2024
Previous
studies
of
quaternary
ammonium
compounds
(QACs)
in
the
indoor
environment
have
reported
widespread
presence
QAC
dust.
However,
there
are
limited
data
on
contribution
dust
ingestion
to
body
burden.
In
this
study,
18
QACs
(6
benzylalkyldimethylammonium
[BACs],
6
dialkyldimethylammonium
[DADMACs],
and
alkyltrimethylammonium
[ATMACs])
were
analyzed
81
paired
samples
blood
serum
collected
Indiana,
United
States.
detected
51–100%
with
total
concentrations
(∑QAC)
ranging
from
0.613
427
μg/g
(median
56.9
μg/g).
contrast
samples,
less
frequently
a
median
∑QAC
concentration
3.66
ng/mL.
The
relative
source
(RSC)
levels
was
calculated
using
PROTEX
(PROduction-To-EXposure)
model
estimated
as
than
1%,
suggesting
that
hand-to-mouth
contact,
dietary
intake,
or
inhalation
could
be
more
important
exposure
routes
ingestion.
This
is
first
study
simultaneously
measure
blood,
providing
comprehensive
assessment
role
human
exposure.
Язык: Английский