A Review of Environmental Occurrence, Fate, and Toxicity of Novel Brominated Flame Retardants

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 53(23), С. 13551 - 13569

Опубликована: Ноя. 4, 2019

Use of legacy brominated flame retardants (BFRs), including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), has been reduced due to adverse effects these chemicals. Several novel (NBFRs), such decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) (BTBPE), have developed as replacements for PBDEs. NBFRs are used in various industrial consumer products, which leads their ubiquitous occurrence the environment. This article reviews fate a select group environment, well human exposure toxicity. Occurrence both abiotic, air, water, dust, soil, sediment sludge, biotic matrices, bird, fish, serum, documented. Evidence regarding degradation, photodegradation, thermal degradation biodegradation, bioaccumulation biomagnification is summarized. The toxicity data show that several can cause through different modes action, hormone disruption, endocrine genotoxicity, behavioral modification. primary ecological risk assessment shows most exert no significant environmental risk, but it worth noting result should be carefully owing limited data.

Язык: Английский

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Liquid Crystal Monomers (LCMs) in Sediments: Method Validation and Detection in Sediment Samples from Three Typical Areas

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 55(4), С. 2336 - 2345

Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2021

Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) have been proposed to be persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) substances; however, there is a dearth of information regarding their occurrence in sediment samples. Here, an analytical method was developed for the quantitative determination LCMs samples, n = 76 samples were collected analyzed determine accurate concentrations LCMs. Our results indicated that pretreatment procedure applicable LCM sediments. We observed detected 75 out 23, 18, 14 39 target quantified at least one sediments from rivers around or liquid device (LCD) manufacturers, Taihu Lake, e-waste recycling sites, respectively. The LCM/LCD manufacturers exhibited greatest mean 26.1 ng/g dry weight (dw), followed by those site areas (1.15 dw) Lake (0.076 dw). Collectively, this study provided first able quantify evidence

Язык: Английский

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Trophodynamics of Emerging Brominated Flame Retardants in the Aquatic Food Web of Lake Taihu: Relationship with Organism Metabolism across Trophic Levels

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 52(8), С. 4632 - 4640

Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2018

Despite the increasing use and discharge of novel brominated flame retardants, little information is available about their trophodynamics in aquatic food web, subsequent relationships to compound metabolism. In this study, concentrations 2,4,6-tribromophenyl allyl ether (ATE), 1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2-dibromoethyl)cyclohexane (TBECH), tetrabromo-o-chlorotoluene (TBCT), pentabromobenzyl acrylate (PBBA), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrabromo-phthalate (TBPH), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) were measured 17 species, including plankton, invertebrates, fish from Lake Taihu, South China. Trophodynamics compounds assessed, metabolic rates liver microsomes crucian (trophic level [TL]: 2.93), catfish (TL: 3.86), yellow-head 4.3). Significantly positive found between trophic levels lipid-normalized ATE, BTBPE, TBPH; magnification factors (TMFs) 2.85, 2.83, 2.42, respectively. Consistently, three chemicals resistant metabolism all microsomes. No significant relationship was observed for βTBECH (p = 0.116), DBDPE underwent dilution web (TMFs 0.37, p 0.021). Moreover, these two showed steady with incubation time TBCT PBBA exhibited magnifications (TMF 4.56, 2.01). Though different among tested both resistance high-trophic-level fish. These results indicated that organisms at high plays an important role assessment potentials retardant chemicals.

Язык: Английский

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Research and Application of Biomass-Based Wood Flame Retardants: A Review

Polymers, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(4), С. 950 - 950

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2023

Wood is widely used as a construction material due to its many advantages, such good mechanical properties, low production costs, and renewability. However, flammability limits use in construction. To solve the problem of wood flammability, most common method improve fire safety modify by deep impregnation or surface coating with flame retardants. Therefore, researchers have found that environmentally friendly low-cost biomass materials can be source green Two aspects biomass-based intumescent retardants are summarized this paper. On one hand, three sources flame-retardant synergist combination other retardants, which called composite alone feedstock produce all-biomass In addition, potential an FR high-performance improved technology was also discussed detail. The development represents viable promising approach for efficient

Язык: Английский

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Tissue Distribution, Growth Dilution, and Species‐Specific Bioaccumulation of Organic Ultraviolet Absorbents in Wildlife Freshwater Fish in the Pearl River Catchment, China

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 39(2), С. 343 - 351

Опубликована: Окт. 14, 2019

Abstract Tissue distributions and body‐size dependent species‐specific bioaccumulation of 12 organic ultraviolet absorbents (UVAs) were investigated in 9 species wildlife freshwater fish from the Pearl River catchment, South China. The concentrations UVAs 109 to 2320 ng/g lipid weight tissue samples. 2‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxybenzophenone (BP‐3), octocrylene (OCR), UV531, 5 benzotriazole UV stabilizers (UVP, UV329, UV234, UV328, UV327) detected more than half UVA UV531 showed an obvious potential for wild fish, with estimated factor (log BAF) a biota–sediment accumulation (BSAF) 4.54 ± 0.55 4.88 6.78, respectively. Generally, liver (989 464 wt) contained highest level UVAs, followed decreasing order by belly fat (599 318 wt), swimming bladder (494 282 dorsal muscle (470 240 egg (442 238 wt). was specific compound dependent. Bottom‐dwelling detritus‐ingesting omnivorous obviously higher concentrations, suggesting that detritus/sediment ingestion is significant pathway exposure UVAs. BP‐3 demonstrated growth dilution. Metabolism might play role elimination tissues, rate metabolism liver. did not demonstrate trophic magnification ecosystem catchment. More research warranted elucidate maternal transfer Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:343–351. © 2019 SETAC

Язык: Английский

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Biota monitoring under the Water Framework Directive: On tissue choice and fish species selection

Environmental Pollution, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 235, С. 129 - 140

Опубликована: Дек. 23, 2017

The study addresses the topic of suitable matrices for chemical analysis in fish monitoring and discusses effects data normalization context European Water Framework Directive (WFD). Differences between species are considered by comparing three frequently monitored different trophic levels, i.e., chub (Squalius cephalus, n = 28), (bream, Abramis brama, 11), perch (Perca fluviatilis, 19) sampled German Danube. WFD priority substances dioxins, furans dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCDD/F + dl-PCB), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), α-hexabromocyclododecane (α-HBCDD), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), mercury (Hg), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) as well non-dioxin-like (ndl)-PCB were analyzed separately fillet carcass whole body concentrations calculated. Hg was individual fillets carcasses, all other determined pool samples, which compiled on basis size (3 pools, 1 bream pool, 2 pools). normalized to 5% lipid weight (or 26% dry mass case PFOS) comparison species. generally higher than (mean fish-to-fillet ratio: 0.7) whereas mostly fish. In lipophilic these differences leveled after normalization. Significant correlations (p ≤ .05) detected age. varied least among younger PCDD/F, dl-PCB, ndl-PCB, PBDE, α-HBCDD HCB correlated significantly with concentrations. Fillet-to-whole conversion equations and/or factors derived except α-HCBDD. Although more also would be desirable results nevertheless a step way translate

Язык: Английский

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Importance of accurate trophic level determination by nitrogen isotope of amino acids for trophic magnification studies: A review

Environmental Pollution, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 238, С. 677 - 690

Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2018

Язык: Английский

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The Eco‐Exposome Concept: Supporting an Integrated Assessment of Mixtures of Environmental Chemicals

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 41(1), С. 30 - 45

Опубликована: Окт. 29, 2021

Organisms are exposed to ever-changing complex mixtures of chemicals over the course their lifetime. The need more comprehensively describe this exposure and relate it adverse health effects has led formulation exposome concept in human toxicology. Whether utility context environmental hazard risk assessment not been discussed detail. In Critical Perspective, we propose-by analogy exposome-to define eco-exposome as totality internal (anthropogenic natural chemicals, biotransformation products or adducts, endogenous signaling molecules that may be sensitive an anthropogenic chemical exposure) lifetime ecologically relevant organism. We how targeted nontargeted analyses bioassays can employed characterize discuss outcome pathway could used link effects. Available methods, limitations, and/or requirement for improvements practical application discussed. Even though analysis resource-intensive challenging, new approaches technologies make increasingly feasible. Furthermore, improved understanding mechanistic relationships between external exposure(s), biological result development proxies, is, relatively simple measurements complement infer when is difficult measure. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:30-45. © 2021 Authors. Environmental Toxicology Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf SETAC.

Язык: Английский

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Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in marine food webs from Bohai Sea, China

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 772, С. 145036 - 145036

Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Legacy Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) Trends in Top Predator Fish of the Laurentian Great Lakes (GL) from 1979 to 2016: Will Concentrations Continue to Decrease?

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 53(12), С. 6650 - 6659

Опубликована: Май 29, 2019

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were widely used as fire retardants and have been detected throughout the Great Lakes (GL) ecosystem. The concentration trends (after fish age normalization) of PBDEs in top predator (lake trout walleye) GLs determined from 1979 to 2016, which includes most period when manufactured this region. samples collected by two national (U.S. Canada) long-term monitoring surveillance programs. Trends total concentrations (age-normalized) five major PBDE congeners (BDE-47, 99, 100, 153, 154) found across all lakes varied over time. Significant increases observed 1990 2000 (16.3% per year). Rapidly decreasing (-19.5% year) 2007. Since 2007, trend has become smaller (less than -5.5% relatively unchanged 2011 2015. BDE-47, congener with highest lake trout, decreased continuously (ranging -6.7% -16.2% except Lake Erie. This decrease can be associated voluntary regulatory phase out production and/or usage since 2000. However, it offset recent (since 2007) increasing other four higher brominated BDE congeners, especially BDE-100 154. Production commercial penta- octa- mixtures containing primarily was discontinued 2004 U.S.A. 2008 Canada. These results indicate uptake bioaccumulation may related transformation BDE-209 lower compounds GL environment or food web. Considering abundance existing products sediment region, duration unchanging could longer expected.

Язык: Английский

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