The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 773, С. 145403 - 145403
Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2021
Язык: Английский
Annals of Global Health, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 86(1), С. 151 - 151
Опубликована: Дек. 3, 2020
Background: Pollution – unwanted waste released to air, water, and land by human activity is the largest environmental cause of disease in world today. It responsible for an estimated nine million premature deaths per year, enormous economic losses, erosion capital, degradation ecosystems. Ocean pollution important, but insufficiently recognized inadequately controlled component global pollution. poses serious threats health well-being. The nature magnitude these impacts are only beginning be understood. Goals: (1) Broadly examine known potential ocean on health. (2) Inform policy makers, government leaders, international organizations, civil society, public threats. (3) Propose priorities interventions control prevent seas safeguard Methods: Topic-focused reviews that effects health, identify gaps knowledge, project future trends, offer evidence-based guidance effective intervention. Environmental Findings: oceans widespread, worsening, most countries poorly controlled. a complex mixture toxic metals, plastics, manufactured chemicals, petroleum, urban industrial wastes, pesticides, fertilizers, pharmaceutical agricultural runoff, sewage. More than 80% arises from land-based sources. reaches through rivers, atmospheric deposition direct discharges. often heaviest near coasts highly concentrated along low- middle-income countries. Plastic rapidly increasing visible pollution, 10 metric tons plastic enter each year. Mercury metal pollutant greatest concern oceans; it two main sources coal combustion small-scale gold mining. Global spread industrialized agriculture with use chemical fertilizer leads extension Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) previously unaffected regions. Chemical pollutants ubiquitous contaminate marine organisms high Arctic abyssal depths. Ecosystem has multiple negative ecosystems, exacerbated climate change. Petroleum-based reduce photosynthesis microorganisms generate oxygen. Increasing absorption carbon dioxide into causes acidification, which destroys coral reefs, impairs shellfish development, dissolves calcium-containing at base food web, increases toxicity some pollutants. threatens mammals, fish, seabirds accumulates large mid-ocean gyres. breaks down microplastic nanoplastic particles containing chemicals can tissues organisms, including species consumed humans. Industrial releases, sewage increase frequency severity HABs, bacterial anti-microbial resistance. sea surface warming triggering poleward migration dangerous pathogens such as Vibrio species. discharges, contribute declines fish stocks. Human Health Methylmercury PCBs whose best Exposures infants in utero maternal consumption contaminated seafood damage developing brains, IQ children's risks autism, ADHD learning disorders. Adult exposures methylmercury cardiovascular dementia. Manufactured phthalates, bisphenol A, flame retardants, perfluorinated many them disrupt endocrine signaling, male fertility, nervous system, risk cancer. HABs produce potent toxins accumulate shellfish. When ingested, severe neurological impairment rapid death. HAB also become airborne respiratory disease. Pathogenic bacteria gastrointestinal diseases deep wound infections. With change infections, cholera, will extend new areas. All fall disproportionately vulnerable populations South injustice planetary scale. Conclusions: problem. crosses national boundaries. consequence reckless, shortsighted, unsustainable exploitation earth's resources. endangers impedes production Its great growing, still incompletely costs counted. prevented. Like all forms deploying data-driven strategies based law, policy, technology, enforcement target priority Many have used tools air water now applying Successes achieved date demonstrate broader feasible. Heavily polluted harbors been cleaned, estuaries rejuvenated, reefs restored. Prevention creates benefits. boosts economies, tourism, helps restore fisheries, improves advances Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). These benefits last centuries. Recommendations: World leaders who recognize gravity acknowledge its growing dangers, engage society public, take bold, action stop source critical preventing safeguarding key. Eliminating banning uses mercury Bans single-use better management persistent organic (POPs) reduced DDT. Control treatment sewage, applications fertilizers mitigated coastal reducing HABs. National, regional programs adequately funded backed strong shown effective. Robust monitoring essential track progress. Further hold promise include wide-scale transition renewable fuels; circular economy little focuses equity rather endless growth; embracing principles green chemistry; building scientific capacity Designation Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) protect stocks, enhance Creation MPAs important manifestation commitment protecting seas.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
566
Journal of Hazardous Materials, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 401, С. 123415 - 123415
Опубликована: Июль 8, 2020
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
500
Particle and Fibre Toxicology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 17(1)
Опубликована: Июнь 8, 2020
Given the global abundance and environmental persistence, exposure of humans (aquatic) animals to micro- nanoplastics is unavoidable. Current evidence indicates that can be taken up by aquatic organism as well mammals. Upon uptake, reach brain, although there limited information regarding number particles reaches brain potential neurotoxicity these small plastic particles.Earlier studies indicated metal metal-oxide nanoparticles, such gold (Au) titanium dioxide (TiO2) also exert a range neurotoxic effects. similarities between chemically inert metal(oxide) nanoparticles particles, this review aims provide an overview reported effects in different species vitro. The combined data, fragmentary, indicate induce oxidative stress, potentially resulting cellular damage increased vulnerability develop neuronal disorders. Additionally, result inhibition acetylcholinesterase activity altered neurotransmitter levels, which both may contribute behavioral changes.Currently, systematic comparison particle types, shapes, sizes at concentrations durations lacking, but urgently needed further elucidate hazard risk nanoplastics.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
481
Particle and Fibre Toxicology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 17(1)
Опубликована: Ноя. 12, 2020
Abstract Background Together with poor biodegradability and insufficient recycling, the massive production use of plastics have led to widespread environmental contamination by nano- microplastics. These particles accumulate across ecosystems - even in most remote habitats are transferred through food chains, leading inevitable human ingestion, that adds highest one due processes packaging. Objective The present review aimed at providing a comprehensive overview current knowledge regarding effects microplastics on intestinal homeostasis. Methods We conducted literature search focused vivo gut epithelium microbiota, as well immune response. Results Numerous animal studies shown exposure leads impairments oxidative inflammatory balance, disruption gut’s epithelial permeability. Other notable microplastic include dysbiosis (changes microbiota) cell toxicity. Moreover, contain additives, adsorb contaminants, may promote growth bacterial pathogens their surfaces: they potential carriers toxicants can potentially lead further adverse effects. Conclusion Despite scarcity reports directly relevant human, this brings together growing body evidence showing disturbs microbiota critical functions. Such development chronic disorders. Further investigation threat health is warranted.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
481
Nature Nanotechnology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 16(5), С. 491 - 500
Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2021
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
440
Matter, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 1(3), С. 745 - 758
Опубликована: Июль 31, 2019
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
436
Nature Food, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 1(11), С. 746 - 754
Опубликована: Окт. 19, 2020
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
428
Journal of Hazardous Materials, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 407, С. 124399 - 124399
Опубликована: Окт. 30, 2020
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
370
Applied Spectroscopy, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 74(9), С. 1012 - 1047
Опубликована: Апрель 6, 2020
Microplastics are of major concerns for society and is currently in the focus legislators administrations. A small number measures to reduce or remove primary sources microplastics environment coming into effect. At moment, they have not yet tackled important topics such as food safety. However, recent developments 2018 bill California requesting analysis drinking water by standardized operational protocols. Administrations analytical labs facing an emerging field methods sampling, extraction, microplastics, which complicate establishment In this review, state applied identification quantification tools evaluated providing a harmonized guideline future protocols cover these types bills. The main on naked eye detection, general optical microscopy, application dye staining, flow cytometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-Ir) Raman thermal degradation pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (py-GC-MS) well thermo-extraction desorption gas (TED-GC-MS). Additional techniques highlighted combined suggested. An outlook given aspect nanoplastic analysis. all cases, were screened limitations, work abilities and, if possible, estimated costs summarized recommendation workflow covering demands society, legislation, administration cost efficient but still detailed manner.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
359
The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 858, С. 159834 - 159834
Опубликована: Окт. 28, 2022
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
354