Source sector and fuel contributions to ambient PM2.5 and attributable mortality across multiple spatial scales

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2021

Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is the world's leading environmental health risk factor. Reducing PM2.5 disease burden requires specific strategies that target dominant sources across multiple spatial scales. We provide a contemporary and comprehensive evaluation of sector- fuel-specific contributions to this 21 regions, 204 countries, 200 sub-national areas by integrating 24 global atmospheric chemistry-transport model sensitivity simulations, high-resolution satellite-derived exposure estimates, disease-specific concentration response relationships. Globally, 1.05 (95% Confidence Interval: 0.74–1.36) million deaths were avoidable in 2017 eliminating fossil-fuel combustion (27.3% total burden), with coal contributing over half. Other included residential (0.74 [0.52–0.95] deaths; 19.2%), industrial (0.45 [0.32–0.58] 11.7%), energy (0.39 [0.28–0.51] 10.2%) sectors. Our results show regions large anthropogenic generally had highest attributable deaths, suggesting substantial benefits from replacing traditional sources. one most important factors many regions. Here, authors present an assessment emission related impacts scales find 1 mass associated fossil fuel emissions.

Язык: Английский

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Ozone pollution in the North China Plain spreading into the late-winter haze season

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 118(10)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2021

Surface ozone is a severe air pollution problem in the North China Plain, which home to 300 million people. Ozone concentrations are highest summer, driven by fast photochemical production of hydrogen oxide radicals (HO

Язык: Английский

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Rapid growth of new atmospheric particles by nitric acid and ammonia condensation

Nature, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 581(7807), С. 184 - 189

Опубликована: Май 13, 2020

A list of authors and their affiliations appears at the end paper New-particle formation is a major contributor to urban smog1,2, but how it occurs in cities often puzzling3. If growth rates particles are similar those found cleaner environments (1-10 nanometres per hour), then existing understanding suggests that new should be rapidly scavenged by high concentration pre-existing particles. Here we show, through experiments performed under atmospheric conditions CLOUD chamber CERN, below about +5 degrees Celsius, nitric acid ammonia vapours can condense onto freshly nucleated as small few diameter. Moreover, when cold enough (below -15 Celsius), nucleate directly an acid-base stabilization mechanism form ammonium nitrate Given these one thousand times more abundant than sulfuric acid, resulting particle extremely high, reaching well above 100 hour. However, require gas-particle system out equilibrium order sustain gas-phase supersaturations. In view strong temperature dependence measure for supersaturations, expect such transient occur inhomogeneous settings, especially wintertime, driven vertical mixing local sources traffic. Even though rapid from condensation may last only minutes, nonetheless fast shepherd smallest size range where they most vulnerable scavenging loss, thus greatly increasing survival probability. We also nucleation important relatively clean upper free troposphere, convected continental boundary layer electrical storms4,5.

Язык: Английский

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Control of particulate nitrate air pollution in China

Nature Geoscience, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 14(6), С. 389 - 395

Опубликована: Апрель 26, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Multiphase Oxidation of Sulfur Dioxide in Aerosol Particles: Implications for Sulfate Formation in Polluted Environments

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 55(8), С. 4227 - 4242

Опубликована: Март 24, 2021

Atmospheric oxidation of sulfur dioxide (SO2) forms sulfate-containing aerosol particles that impact air quality, climate, and human ecosystem health. It is well-known in-cloud SO2 frequently dominates over gas-phase on regional global scales. Multiphase involving particles, fog, cloud droplets has been generally thought to scale with liquid water content (LWC) so multiphase would be negligible for due their low LWC. However, recent field evidence, particularly from East Asia, shows fast sulfate formation prevails in cloud-free environments are characterized by high loadings. By assuming the kinetics chemistry most atmospheric models do not capture this phenomenon. Therefore, blossomed past decade, many processes proposed bridge difference between modeled observed mass This review summarizes advances fundamental understanding SO2, a focus environmental conditions affect rate, experimental challenges, mechanisms results individual reaction pathways, future research directions. Compared dilute conditions, paper highlights differences arise at molecular level extremely solute strengths present particles.

Язык: Английский

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A chemical cocktail during the COVID-19 outbreak in Beijing, China: Insights from six-year aerosol particle composition measurements during the Chinese New Year holiday

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 742, С. 140739 - 140739

Опубликована: Июль 4, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Revealing Drivers of Haze Pollution by Explainable Machine Learning

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9(2), С. 112 - 119

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2022

Many places on earth still suffer from a high level of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution. Formation pollution event or haze episode (HE) involves many factors, including meteorology, emissions, and chemistry. Understanding the direct causes key drivers behind HE is thus essential. Traditionally, this done via chemical transport models. However, substantial uncertainties are introduced into model estimation when there significant changes in emissions inventory due to interventions (e.g., COVID-19 lockdown). Here we applied Random Forest coupled with Shapley additive explanation algorithm, post hoc technique, investigate roles major meteorological primary chemistry five severe HEs that occurred before during lockdown China. We discovered that, addition PM2.5 these episodes was largely driven by effects (with average contributions 30–65 μg m–3 for HEs), followed (∼15–30 m–3). Photochemistry likely pathway formation nitrate, while air humidity predominant factor forming sulfate. Our results highlight machine learning data has potential be complementary tool predicting interpreting

Язык: Английский

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Ground-level ozone pollution in China: a synthesis of recent findings on influencing factors and impacts

Environmental Research Letters, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 17(6), С. 063003 - 063003

Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2022

Abstract Ozone (O 3 ) in the troposphere is an air pollutant and a greenhouse gas. In mainland China, after Air Pollution Prevention Action Plan was implemented 2013—and despite substantial decreases concentrations of other pollutants—ambient O paradoxically increased many urban areas. The worsening pollution has fuelled numerous studies recent years, which have enriched knowledge about -related processes their impacts. this article, we synthesise key findings over 500 articles on China that were published past six years English-language journals. We focus changes concentrations, meteorological chemical drivers, complex responses to drastic decrease human activities during coronavirus disease 2019 lockdowns, several emerging processes, impacts crops trees, latest government interventions.

Язык: Английский

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Field Determination of Nitrate Formation Pathway in Winter Beijing

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 54(15), С. 9243 - 9253

Опубликована: Июнь 26, 2020

Particulate nitrate (pNO3–) has often been found to be the major component of fine particles in urban air-sheds China, United States, and Europe during winter haze episodes recent years. However, there is a lack knowledge regarding experimentally determined contribution different chemical pathways formation pNO3–. Here, for first time, we combine ground tall-tower observations quantify pNO3– using observationally constrained model approach based on direct OH N2O5 air-shed. We find that gas-phase oxidation pathway (OH+NO2) daytime dominant channel over nocturnal uptake pollution episodes, with percentages 74% areas 76% suburban areas. This quite from previous studies some regions US, which was concluded account larger winter. These results indicate driving factor Beijing US different, as are mitigation strategies particulate nitrate.

Язык: Английский

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Secondary organic aerosol formed by condensing anthropogenic vapours over China’s megacities

Nature Geoscience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 15(4), С. 255 - 261

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2022

Язык: Английский

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