The pollution conveyed by urban runoff: A review of sources

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 709, С. 136125 - 136125

Опубликована: Дек. 18, 2019

Urban stormwater and snowmelt pollution contributes significantly to the deterioration of surface waters quality in many locations. Consequently, sources such have been studied for past 50 years, with vehicular transportation sector atmospheric deposition identified early as major sources. In search mitigation this pollution, source controls, besides other measures, were recognised effective tools, whose successful implementation requires a good knowledge Even though great research efforts exerted document specific urban runoff or groups pollutants present runoff, comprehensive overview all known contributing is still missing. This review closing gap by compiling findings previous critically synthesizing current various As emphasis placed on sources, related issues implications water possible controls individual are touched upon just briefly, where required. The showed that deposition, transportation-related activities metallic building envelopes continue be among which far greater detail than Furthermore, it was noted because rapid advances clean manufacturing control technologies, large part body data available literature should considered historical data, may no longer describe well conditions. Progressing obsolescence, combined continuing releases new materials chemicals, and, some cases substances potential concern, into environment, suggests identification important runoff/snowmelt associated pollutants, has will remain work progress.

Язык: Английский

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Acute Toxicity of the Tire Rubber-Derived Chemical 6PPD-quinone to Four Fishes of Commercial, Cultural, and Ecological Importance

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9(4), С. 333 - 338

Опубликована: Март 2, 2022

N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPD-quinone), a transformation product of the rubber tire antioxidant 6PPD, has recently been identified as chemical responsible for urban runoff mortality syndrome in coho salmon, with median lethal concentration (LC50) <0.1 μg/L. Subsequent studies have failed to confirm comparable sensitivity other fish species. Here, we investigated acute toxicity 6PPD-quinone rainbow trout, brook Arctic char, and white sturgeon. Fish were exposed under static renewal conditions, exposure concentrations verified analytically. Mortalities trout occurred between 1.2 20 h, while mortalities began after 7 h spanned 60 trout. The LC50s (24 h) (72 0.59 1.00 μg/L, respectively. Both species showed characteristic symptoms (increased ventilation, gasping, spiraling, loss equilibrium) shortly before death. No observed either char or sturgeon 96 at measured high 14.2 This is first study demonstrate fishes commercial, cultural, ecological importance environmentally relevant provides urgently needed information environmental risk assessments this contaminant emerging concern.

Язык: Английский

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6PPD-Quinone: Revised Toxicity Assessment and Quantification with a Commercial Standard

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9(2), С. 140 - 146

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2022

Stormwater exposure can cause acute mortality of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), and 6PPD-quinone (6PPD-Q) was identified as the primary causal toxicant. Commercial standards 6PPD-Q recently became available; their analysis highlighted a systematic high bias in prior reporting concerning 6PPD-Q. A commercial standard used to re-confirm toxicity estimates juvenile develop liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analytical method for quantification. Peak area responses were ∼15 times higher than those in-house standards, updated LC50 value (95 ng/L) ∼8.3-fold lower that previously reported. These data support relative comparisons occurrence while confirming substantial lethality While environmental concentrations are expected be lower, also more toxic calculated should categorized “very highly toxic” pollutant aquatic organisms. Isotope dilution-tandem methods enabled accurate quantification (limits <10 within samples.

Язык: Английский

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Occurrences of Tire Rubber-Derived Contaminants in Cold-Climate Urban Runoff

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 8(11), С. 961 - 967

Опубликована: Сен. 22, 2021

Recent findings that 2-anilo-5-[(4-methylpentan-2-yl)amino]cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (6PPD-quinone), the transformation product of a common tire rubber antioxidant, is acutely toxic in stormwater-impacted streams has highlighted need for better understanding contaminants urban runoff. This study represents one first reports 6PPD-quinone and other rubber-derived compounds stormwater snowmelt cold-climate Canadian city (Saskatoon, 2019–2020). Semiquantification five target compounds, N,N′-diphenylguanidine (DPG), N,N-dicyclohexylmethylamine (DCA), N,N′-dicyclohexylurea (DCU), 1-cyclohexyl-3-phenylurea (CPU), 6PPD-quinone, revealed DPG was most abundant, with average concentrations 60 μg L–1 1 snowmelt. Maximum observed were greater than 300 L–1, equivalent to loadings 15 kg from single rain event. These represent some highest reported runoff globally. 6PPD-Quinone detected 57% (12/21) samples mean concentration approximately 600 ng (2019) 80% (28/31) 80–370 (2019 2020). Concentrations exceeded acute LC50 coho salmon (0.8–1.2 L–1) 20% samples. Mass all chemicals correlated well roads residential land-use area.

Язык: Английский

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Is the Hyporheic Zone Relevant beyond the Scientific Community?

Water, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 11(11), С. 2230 - 2230

Опубликована: Окт. 25, 2019

Rivers are important ecosystems under continuous anthropogenic stresses. The hyporheic zone is a ubiquitous, reactive interface between the main channel and its surrounding sediments along river network. We elaborate on physical, biological, biogeochemical drivers processes within that have been studied by multiple scientific disciplines for almost half century. These previous efforts shown modulator most metabolic stream serves as refuge habitat diverse range of aquatic organisms. It also exerts major control water quality increasing contact time with environments, which in turn results retention transformation nutrients, trace organic compounds, fine suspended particles, microplastics, among others. paper showcases critical importance zones, both from an applied perspective, their role ecosystem services to answer question manuscript title. identifies research gaps our understanding processes. In conclusion, we highlight potential restoration efficiently manage reactivate functions corridors.

Язык: Английский

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Competitive sorption of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn from stormwater runoff by five low-cost sorbents; Effects of co-contaminants, humic acid, salinity and pH

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 423, С. 126938 - 126938

Опубликована: Авг. 18, 2021

For a comprehensive estimation of metals removal by sorbents in stormwater systems, it is essential to evaluate the impacts co-contaminants. However, most studies consider only (single or multiple), which may overestimate performance. This study employed batch method investigate performance five low-cost - coconut coir fiber (CCF), blast furnace slag (BFS), waste tire crumb rubber (WTCR), biochar (BC), and iron coated (FeBC) for simultaneous Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb Zn from simulated (SSW) containing other contaminants (nutrients polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). BFS CCF demonstrated highest sorption capacity all (> 95% removal) systems multi-contaminant). presence solution reduced sorbents, as follows (highest lowest removal): single-metal > multi-metal multi-contaminant solutions, efficiency ranking among was generally Cr~Cu~Pb Ni Cd Zn. Humic acid (HA) negatively affected metal sorption, likely due formation soluble HA-metal complexes; NaCl concentration did not impact removal, but alkaline pH improved removal. These findings indicate that need be tested under realistic chemistry including co-contaminants appropriately characterize prior implementation.

Язык: Английский

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Traffic-related microplastic particles, metals, and organic pollutants in an urban area under reconstruction

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 774, С. 145503 - 145503

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2021

In urban environments, particularly areas under reconstruction, metals, organic pollutants (OP), and microplastics (MP), are released in large amounts due to heavy traffic. Road runoff, a major transport route for pollutants, contributes significantly deteriorated water quality receiving waters. This study was conducted Gothenburg, Sweden, is unique because it simultaneously investigates the occurrence of OP, MP on roads stormwater from an area reconstruction. Correlations between various were also explored. The carried out by collecting washwater sweepsand generated street sweeping, road surface sampling, flow-proportional sampling several occasions. liquid solid samples analyzed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), oxy-PAH, aliphatics, aromatics, phthalates, MP. OP with non-target screening method selected samples. Microplastics, i.e. plastic fragments/fibers, paint fragments, tire wear particles (TWP) bitumen, based density separation sodium iodide identification stereo microscope, melt-tests, tactile identification. concentrations amounted 1500 particles/L stormwater, 51,000 washwater, 2.6 × 106 particles/kg dw sweepsand. sweepsand, ≥20 μm found be dominated TWP (38%, 83% 78%, respectively). results confirm traffic as important source MP, metal emissions. Concentrations exceeding sediment guidelines metals (e.g. Cu Zn), PAH, aliphatic C16–C35 fraction most show that sweeper collects polluted materials thereby prevents further spread stormwater.

Язык: Английский

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Managed aquifer recharge implementation criteria to achieve water sustainability

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 768, С. 144992 - 144992

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in United States tapwater: Comparison of underserved private-well and public-supply exposures and associated health implications

Environment International, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 178, С. 108033 - 108033

Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2023

Drinking-water quality is a rising concern in the United States (US), emphasizing need to broadly assess exposures and potential health effects at point-of-use. per- poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are national concern, however, there limited information on PFAS residential tapwater point-of-use, especially from private-wells. We conducted reconnaissance compare human unregulated private-well regulated public-supply tapwater. Tapwater 716 locations (269 private-wells; 447 public supply) across US was collected during 2016-2021 including three where temporal sampling conducted. Concentrations of were assessed by laboratories compared with land-use potential-source metrics explore drivers contamination. The number individual observed ranged 1 9 (median: 2) corresponding cumulative concentrations (sum detected PFAS) ranging 0.348 346 ng/L. Seventeen least once PFBS, PFHxS PFOA most frequently approximately 15% samples. Across US, profiles estimated median similar among private wells estimate that one could be about 45% drinking-water These detection probabilities varied spatially variation concentrations/numbers detected. Benchmark screening approaches indicated exposure risk dominated PFOS, when Potential source related concentrations, detected; relations specific likely due low frequencies higher limits. Information generated supports for further assessments risks as class combination other co-occurring contaminants, particularly unmonitored private-wells or not available.

Язык: Английский

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Transformation Products of Tire Rubber Antioxidant 6PPD in Heterogeneous Gas-Phase Ozonation: Identification and Environmental Occurrence

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 57(14), С. 5621 - 5632

Опубликована: Март 30, 2023

6PPD, a tire rubber antioxidant, poses substantial ecological risks because it can form highly toxic quinone transformation product (TP), 6PPD-quinone (6PPDQ), during exposure to gas-phase ozone. Important data gaps exist regarding the structures, reaction mechanisms, and environmental occurrence of TPs from 6PPD ozonation. To address these gaps, ozonation was conducted over 24–168 h were characterized using high-resolution mass spectrometry. The probable structures proposed for 23 with 5 subsequently standard-verified. Consistent prior findings, 6PPDQ (C18H22N2O2) one major in (∼1 19% yield). Notably, not observed 6QDI (N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-quinonediimine), indicating that formation does proceed through or associated TPs. Other included multiple C18H22N2O C18H22N2O2 isomers, presumptive N-oxide, N,N′-dioxide, orthoquinone structures. Standard-verified quantified roadway-impacted samples, total concentrations 130 ± 3.2 μg/g methanol extracts tread wear particles (TWPs), 34 4 μg/g-TWP aqueous TWP leachates, 2700 1500 ng/L roadway runoff, 1900 1200 creeks. These demonstrate are likely an important ubiquitous class contaminants environments.

Язык: Английский

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