Engineered Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Based Photocatalysts for Visible-Light-Driven Water Splitting: A Review

Energy & Fuels, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 35(8), С. 6504 - 6526

Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2021

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), a polymeric semiconductor, has become rising star for photocatalytic energy conversion because of its facile accessibility, metal-free nature, low cost, and environmentally benign properties. This work reviews the latest progress g-C3N4-based materials in visible-light-driven water splitting to hydrogen. It begins with brief history g-C3N4, followed by various engineering strategies such as elemental doping, copolymerization, crystalline tailoring, surface engineering, single-atom modification, elevated decomposition. In addition, synthesis g-C3N4 different dimensions (0D, 1D, 2D, 3D) configurations series heterojunctions (type II, Z-scheme, S-scheme, g-C3N4/metal, g-C3N4/carbon heterojunctions) were also discussed their improvement hydrogen production. Lastly, challenges opportunities nanomaterials are provided. is anticipated that this review will promote further development emerging more efficiency

Язык: Английский

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Selective Degradation of Electron-Rich Organic Pollutants Induced by CuO@Biochar: The Key Role of Outer-Sphere Interaction and Singlet Oxygen

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 56(15), С. 10710 - 10720

Опубликована: Май 12, 2022

Efficient degradation of organic pollutants by oxidative radicals is challenging in the complex soil environment because invalid consumption nontarget background substances and generation secondary halogenated pollutants. Nonradical-based oxidation a promising pollutant removal method due to its high selectivity environmental adaptability. Herein, biochar-supported sheetlike CuO (e-CuO@BC) was developed, which exhibited efficient activation peroxydisulfate (PDS) via nonradical pathways. The mechanisms were identified as (i) formation surface-bonding active complexes an outer-sphere interaction between e-CuO@BC PDS (ii) continuous 1O2 cycling Cu(I)/Cu(II) redox couple. In addition, primarily occurred at crystal facet (001) e-CuO occupied Cu atoms well facilitated Cu–O–C bond, induced electron-rich centers around CuO. Two species from activation, including 1O2, showed highly selective toward Moreover, mineralization effective inhibition on toxic byproducts (i.e., organics) indicated intermediate final products. This study provides comprehensive understanding heterogeneous process PS catalyst for removal.

Язык: Английский

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Insights into the Electron-Transfer Mechanism of Permanganate Activation by Graphite for Enhanced Oxidation of Sulfamethoxazole

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 55(13), С. 9189 - 9198

Опубликована: Май 28, 2021

Many reagents as electron sacrificers have been recently investigated to induce decomposition of permanganate (KMnO4) produce highly reactive intermediate Mn species toward oxidation organic contaminants; however, this strategy meanwhile causes low KMnO4 utilization efficiency. This study surprisingly found that graphite can mediate direct transfer from organics (e.g., sulfamethoxazole (SMX)) KMnO4, resulting in high efficiency, rather than reductive sites graphite-induced conversion species. The galvanic process (GOP) and comparative experiments different contaminants prove the KMnO4/graphite system mainly extracts electrons via a one-electron pathway instead two-electron pathway. More importantly, has superior reusability, keep long-lasting reactivity, efficiency elevates significantly after each cycle graphite. transformation SMX includes self-coupling, hydroxylation, oxidation, hydrolytic reaction. work will improve insights into electron-transfer mechanism unveil advantages efficient KMnO4-based technologies environmental remediation.

Язык: Английский

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Nanocarbon-Based Catalytic Ozonation for Aqueous Oxidation: Engineering Defects for Active Sites and Tunable Reaction Pathways

ACS Catalysis, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 10(22), С. 13383 - 13414

Опубликована: Ноя. 3, 2020

Catalytic ozonation relies on the direct oxidation by ozone (O3) and indirect reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced from activated molecules, technique has been recognized as one of most promising remediation technologies in water decontamination. Functional nanocarbon materials have extensively exploited heterogeneous catalysts to drive catalytic because environmental-benign process, easy applicability, high efficiency. Nevertheless, bottlenecks processes are economical production high-performance robust carbocatalysts debatable regimes. Different active sites suggested engineered nanocarbons, corresponding mechanisms carbocatalytic ambiguous including evolution various ROS, occurrence radical nonradical reaction pathways, selectivity toward organics, tunable capacity. In this Review, we will showcase roadmap development reaction-oriented clarify arguments intrinsic sites, identification intermediates, pathways ozonation. We provide critical comments innovative strategies mechanistic investigations carbon-based molecular level (electronic structures) macroscale (kinetics), deliberate screening/capture techniques, advanced characterizations situ analysis, theoretical computations. More importantly, issues future directions be proposed rational material/system design, exploration, implementation powerful technology real wastewater treatment.

Язык: Английский

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ZIF-8 derived Fe‒N coordination moieties anchored carbon nanocubes for efficient peroxymonosulfate activation via non-radical pathways: Role of FeNx sites

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 405, С. 124199 - 124199

Опубликована: Окт. 14, 2020

Язык: Английский

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