Atmospheric chemistry and physics,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
21(12), С. 9309 - 9327
Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2021
Abstract.
Air
pollution
is
one
of
the
main
causes
damages
to
human
health
in
Europe,
with
an
estimate
about
380
000
premature
deaths
per
year
EU28,
as
result
exposure
fine
particulate
matter
(PM2.5)
only.
In
this
work,
we
focus
on
specific
region
Po
basin,
a
where
chemical
regimes
are
most
complex,
showing
important
non-linear
processes,
especially
those
related
interactions
between
NOx
and
NH3.
We
analyse
sensitivity
PM2.5
concentration
NH3
emissions
by
means
set
EMEP
model
simulations
performed
different
levels
emission
reductions,
from
25
%
up
total
switch-off
emissions.
Both
single
combined
precursor
reduction
scenarios
applied
determine
efficient
strategies
quantify
reductions.
The
results
confirmed
peculiarity
secondary
formation
characterised
contrasting
within
distances
few
(hundred)
kilometres,
well
responses
reductions
during
wintertime.
One
striking
slight
increase
when
NOx-rich
areas,
such
surroundings
Bergamo.
increased
oxidative
capacity
atmosphere
cause
induced
emission.
This
process
could
have
contributed
absence
significant
decrease
COVID-19
lockdowns
many
European
cities.
It
account
for
designing
air
quality
plans,
since
it
lead
transitionary
increases
at
some
locations
winter
measures
gradually
implemented.
While
regimes,
determined
relative
importance
vs.
show
large
variations
seasonally
spatially,
they
not
very
sensitive
moderate
(up
50
%–60
%)
Beyond
strength,
concentrations
become
certain
areas
basin
mainly
National Science Review,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
8(2)
Опубликована: Июнь 16, 2020
To
control
the
spread
of
2019
novel
coronavirus
(COVID-19),
China
imposed
nationwide
restrictions
on
movement
its
population
(lockdown)
after
Chinese
New
Year
2020,
leading
to
large
reductions
in
economic
activities
and
associated
emissions.
Despite
such
decreases
primary
pollution,
there
were
nonetheless
several
periods
heavy
haze
pollution
eastern
China,
raising
questions
about
well-established
relationship
between
human
air
quality.
Here,
using
comprehensive
measurements
modeling,
we
show
that
during
COVID
lockdown
was
driven
by
enhancements
secondary
pollution.
In
particular,
NOx
emissions
from
transportation
increased
ozone
nighttime
NO3
radical
formation,
these
increases
atmospheric
oxidizing
capacity
turn
facilitated
formation
particulate
matter.
Our
results,
afforded
tragic
natural
experiment
COVID-19
pandemic,
indicate
mitigation
depends
upon
a
coordinated
balanced
strategy
for
controlling
multiple
pollutants.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
118(10)
Опубликована: Март 1, 2021
Surface
ozone
is
a
severe
air
pollution
problem
in
the
North
China
Plain,
which
home
to
300
million
people.
Ozone
concentrations
are
highest
summer,
driven
by
fast
photochemical
production
of
hydrogen
oxide
radicals
(HO
The Science of The Total Environment,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
740, С. 140091 - 140091
Опубликована: Июнь 9, 2020
Source
apportionments
have
become
increasingly
performed
to
determine
the
origins
of
ambient
particulate
pollution.
The
results
can
be
helpful
in
designing
mitigation
strategies
improve
air
quality.
specific
matter
(PM)
concentrations
are
also
being
used
health
effects
studies
able
focus
attention
on
those
sources
most
likely
responsible
for
observed
adverse
effects.
In
2015,
World
Health
Organization
(WHO)
released
its
initial
compilation
source
apportionment
published
through
August
2014.
This
database
was
described
by
Karagulian
et
al.
(Atmospheric
Environment120
(2015)
475–483).
present
report,
a
new
has
been
prepared
since
2014
December
2019.
addition,
expanded
include
heavy
metals,
water-soluble
components,
and
carbonaceous
components
PM.
As
result
this
work,
we
developed
presented
some
perspectives
going
forward.
We
made
series
recommendations
reporting
them.
It
is
essential
papers
provide
minimum
set
information
so
that
study
adequately
assessed,
utilized
others
making
policy
decisions
or
as
part
other
scientific
studies.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
55(8), С. 4227 - 4242
Опубликована: Март 24, 2021
Atmospheric
oxidation
of
sulfur
dioxide
(SO2)
forms
sulfate-containing
aerosol
particles
that
impact
air
quality,
climate,
and
human
ecosystem
health.
It
is
well-known
in-cloud
SO2
frequently
dominates
over
gas-phase
on
regional
global
scales.
Multiphase
involving
particles,
fog,
cloud
droplets
has
been
generally
thought
to
scale
with
liquid
water
content
(LWC)
so
multiphase
would
be
negligible
for
due
their
low
LWC.
However,
recent
field
evidence,
particularly
from
East
Asia,
shows
fast
sulfate
formation
prevails
in
cloud-free
environments
are
characterized
by
high
loadings.
By
assuming
the
kinetics
chemistry
most
atmospheric
models
do
not
capture
this
phenomenon.
Therefore,
blossomed
past
decade,
many
processes
proposed
bridge
difference
between
modeled
observed
mass
This
review
summarizes
advances
fundamental
understanding
SO2,
a
focus
environmental
conditions
affect
rate,
experimental
challenges,
mechanisms
results
individual
reaction
pathways,
future
research
directions.
Compared
dilute
conditions,
paper
highlights
differences
arise
at
molecular
level
extremely
solute
strengths
present
particles.
Faraday Discussions,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
226, С. 334 - 347
Опубликована: Авг. 26, 2020
Atmospheric
gas-to-particle
conversion
is
a
crucial
or
even
dominant
contributor
to
haze
formation
in
Chinese
megacities
terms
of
aerosol
number,
surface
area
and
mass.
Based
on
our
comprehensive
observations
Beijing
during
15
January
2018-31
March
2019,
we
are
able
show
that
80-90%
the
mass
(PM2.5)
was
formed
via
atmospheric
reactions
days
over
65%
number
concentration
particles
resulted
from
new
particle
(NPF).
Furthermore,
faster
when
subsequent
growth
newly
enhanced.
Our
findings
suggest
practice
almost
all
present-day
episodes
originate
NPF,
mainly
since
direct
emission
primary
has
considerably
decreased
recent
years.
We
also
reducing
rate
freshly
by
factor
3-5
would
delay
buildup
1-3
days.
Actually,
this
decrease
length
each
episode,
so
annual
could
be
approximately
halved.
Such
improvement
air
quality
can
achieved
with
targeted
reduction
gas-phase
precursors
for
dimethyl
amine
ammonia,
further
reductions
SO2
emissions.
anthropogenic
organic
inorganic
precursor
emissions
slow
down
newly-formed
consequently
reduce
formation.
Environmental Science & Technology Letters,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
9(2), С. 112 - 119
Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2022
Many
places
on
earth
still
suffer
from
a
high
level
of
atmospheric
fine
particulate
matter
(PM2.5)
pollution.
Formation
pollution
event
or
haze
episode
(HE)
involves
many
factors,
including
meteorology,
emissions,
and
chemistry.
Understanding
the
direct
causes
key
drivers
behind
HE
is
thus
essential.
Traditionally,
this
done
via
chemical
transport
models.
However,
substantial
uncertainties
are
introduced
into
model
estimation
when
there
significant
changes
in
emissions
inventory
due
to
interventions
(e.g.,
COVID-19
lockdown).
Here
we
applied
Random
Forest
coupled
with
Shapley
additive
explanation
algorithm,
post
hoc
technique,
investigate
roles
major
meteorological
primary
chemistry
five
severe
HEs
that
occurred
before
during
lockdown
China.
We
discovered
that,
addition
PM2.5
these
episodes
was
largely
driven
by
effects
(with
average
contributions
30–65
μg
m–3
for
HEs),
followed
(∼15–30
m–3).
Photochemistry
likely
pathway
formation
nitrate,
while
air
humidity
predominant
factor
forming
sulfate.
Our
results
highlight
machine
learning
data
has
potential
be
complementary
tool
predicting
interpreting
Environmental Science & Technology,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
54(15), С. 9243 - 9253
Опубликована: Июнь 26, 2020
Particulate
nitrate
(pNO3–)
has
often
been
found
to
be
the
major
component
of
fine
particles
in
urban
air-sheds
China,
United
States,
and
Europe
during
winter
haze
episodes
recent
years.
However,
there
is
a
lack
knowledge
regarding
experimentally
determined
contribution
different
chemical
pathways
formation
pNO3–.
Here,
for
first
time,
we
combine
ground
tall-tower
observations
quantify
pNO3–
using
observationally
constrained
model
approach
based
on
direct
OH
N2O5
air-shed.
We
find
that
gas-phase
oxidation
pathway
(OH+NO2)
daytime
dominant
channel
over
nocturnal
uptake
pollution
episodes,
with
percentages
74%
areas
76%
suburban
areas.
This
quite
from
previous
studies
some
regions
US,
which
was
concluded
account
larger
winter.
These
results
indicate
driving
factor
Beijing
US
different,
as
are
mitigation
strategies
particulate
nitrate.
Environmental Research Letters,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
17(6), С. 063003 - 063003
Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2022
Abstract
Ozone
(O
3
)
in
the
troposphere
is
an
air
pollutant
and
a
greenhouse
gas.
In
mainland
China,
after
Air
Pollution
Prevention
Action
Plan
was
implemented
2013—and
despite
substantial
decreases
concentrations
of
other
pollutants—ambient
O
paradoxically
increased
many
urban
areas.
The
worsening
pollution
has
fuelled
numerous
studies
recent
years,
which
have
enriched
knowledge
about
-related
processes
their
impacts.
this
article,
we
synthesise
key
findings
over
500
articles
on
China
that
were
published
past
six
years
English-language
journals.
We
focus
changes
concentrations,
meteorological
chemical
drivers,
complex
responses
to
drastic
decrease
human
activities
during
coronavirus
disease
2019
lockdowns,
several
emerging
processes,
impacts
crops
trees,
latest
government
interventions.