Freshwater salinization syndrome: from emerging global problem to managing risks

Biogeochemistry, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 154(2), С. 255 - 292

Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2021

Abstract Freshwater salinization is an emerging global problem impacting safe drinking water, ecosystem health and biodiversity, infrastructure corrosion, food production. originates from diverse anthropogenic geologic sources including road salts, human-accelerated weathering, sewage, urban construction, fertilizer, mine drainage, resource extraction, water softeners, saltwater intrusion, evaporative concentration of ions due to hydrologic alterations climate change. The complex interrelationships between salt chemical, biological, parameters consequences on the natural, social, built environment are called Salinization Syndrome (FSS). Here, we provide a comprehensive overview issues (past, present, future), investigate drivers solutions. We analyze expanding magnitude scope FSS its discovery in humid regions, connections weathering mobilization ‘chemical cocktails.’ also present data illustrating: (1) increasing trends ion concentrations some world’s major freshwaters, critical supplies; (2) decreasing nutrient rivers regulations but salinization, which have been lack adequate management regulations; (3) regional atmospheric deposition storage soils groundwater, (4) applications specific conductance as proxy for tracking groups elements freshwaters. prioritize research needs related better understanding: effects intrusion processes, potential risks groundwater contamination home wells, clean sources, economic safety impacts (5) alteration biodiversity functions, (6) application high-frequency sensors state-of-the art monitoring management. evaluate solutions using watershed approach spanning air, land, explore variations fate transport different ( e.g. ions, stormwater management, remediation, managing runoff). identify tradeoffs approaches such unanticipated retention release chemical cocktails best practices (BMPs) unintended alternative deicers quality. Overall, show that has direct indirect metals, nutrients, organics, radionuclides freshwaters with mounting impacts. Our review suggests what could happen if were not managed into future evaluates strategies reducing human health, costly infrastructure, services.

Язык: Английский

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Current water quality guidelines across North America and Europe do not protect lakes from salinization

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 119(9)

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2022

Significance The salinity of freshwater ecosystems is increasing worldwide. Given that most organisms have no recent evolutionary history with high salinity, we expect them to a low tolerance elevated caused by road deicing salts, agricultural practices, mining operations, and climate change. Leveraging the results from network experiments conducted across North America Europe, showed salt pollution triggers massive loss important zooplankton taxa, which led increased phytoplankton biomass at many study sites. We conclude current water quality guidelines established governments in Europe do not adequately protect lake food webs, indicating an immediate need establish where they exist reassess existing guidelines.

Язык: Английский

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Road salts, human safety, and the rising salinity of our fresh waters

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 20(1), С. 22 - 30

Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2021

In the US, 70% of population lives in regions that experience snow and ice. Road deicing salts reduce vehicular accident rates these by >78% but have led to dramatic increases freshwater salinity. To seek environmental management policy solutions, we ask: (1) how much salt is used where it applied, (2) do current agency thresholds protect biota, (3) are affecting our water supplies, (4) can curb salinization from salts? Use has tripled over past 45 years blankets US. There an urgent need reassess inadequate biota drinking supplies. Given lack ecologically friendly cost‐effective alternatives, broad‐scale adoption best practices necessary increasing ecosystems resulting use salts.

Язык: Английский

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Lake salinization drives consistent losses of zooplankton abundance and diversity across coordinated mesocosm experiments

Limnology and Oceanography Letters, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 8(1), С. 19 - 29

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2022

Abstract Human‐induced salinization increasingly threatens inland waters; yet we know little about the multifaceted response of lake communities to salt contamination. By conducting a coordinated mesocosm experiment across 16 sites in North America and Europe, quantified zooplankton abundance (taxonomic functional) community structure broad gradient environmentally relevant chloride concentrations, ranging from 4 ca. 1400 mg Cl − L −1 . We found that crustaceans were distinctly more sensitive elevated than rotifers; yet, rotifers did not show compensatory increases crustacean declines. For crustaceans, our among‐site comparisons indicate: (1) highly consistent decreases taxon richness with salinity; (2) widespread sensitivity major taxonomic groups (Cladocera, Cyclopoida, Calanoida); (3) weaker loss functional diversity. Overall, study demonstrates aggregate properties can be adversely affected at concentrations anthropogenic lakes.

Язык: Английский

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A genome catalogue of lake bacterial diversity and its drivers at continental scale

Nature Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(10), С. 1920 - 1934

Опубликована: Июль 31, 2023

Язык: Английский

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A Random Forest in the Great Lakes: Stream Nutrient Concentrations Across the Transboundary Great Lakes Basin

Earth s Future, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2023

Abstract Excess nutrient inputs from agricultural and urban sources have accelerated eutrophication increased the incidence of algal blooms in Great Lakes Basin (GLB). Lake basin management to address these threats relies on understanding key drivers pollution. Here, we use a random forest machine learning model leverage information 202 monitored streams GLB predict seasonal annual flow‐weighted concentrations nitrogen phosphorus, as well ratios across GLB. Land (agricultural land) land (tile drainage wetland density) emerge two most important predictors for dissolved inorganic (DIN; NO 3 − + 2 ) soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP; PO 4 ), while soil type density are more particulate P (PP). Partial dependence plots demonstrate increasing with tile decreasing density. In addition, livestock densities cover correspond higher SRP:Total Phosphorus (TP) ratios. Seasonally, highest proportions SRP occur summer fall. Higher also correlated N:P (DIN:TP) Livestock operations can contribute buildup nutrients excess manure application, subsurface provide transport pathways nutrients. Given that both SRP:TP strong harmful blooms, our study highlights importance management, restoration efforts intensively managed landscapes.

Язык: Английский

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Impact of salinization on lake stratification and spring mixing

Limnology and Oceanography Letters, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 8(1), С. 93 - 102

Опубликована: Окт. 2, 2021

Abstract Anthropogenic freshwater salinization affects thousands of lakes worldwide, and yet little is known about how salt loading may shift timing lake stratification spring mixing in dimictic lakes. Here, we investigate the impact on Lakes Mendota Monona, Wisconsin, by deploying under‐ice buoys to record salinity gradients, using an analytical approach quantify thresholds that prevent mixing, running ensemble vertical one‐dimensional hydrodynamic models (GLM, GOTM, Simstrat) long‐term winter stratification. We found gradients between surface bottom waters persist up a month after ice‐off, theory predicts gradient 1.3–1.4 g kg −1 would mixing. Numerical project delays increases water column stability, with ramifications for oxygenation waters, biogeochemistry, habitability.

Язык: Английский

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Five state factors control progressive stages of freshwater salinization syndrome

Limnology and Oceanography Letters, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 8(1), С. 190 - 211

Опубликована: Март 16, 2022

Abstract Factors driving freshwater salinization syndrome (FSS) influence the severity of impacts and chances for recovery. We hypothesize that spread FSS across ecosystems is a function interactions among five state factors: human activities , geology flowpaths climate time . (1) Human drive pulsed or chronic inputs salt ions mobilization chemical contaminants. (2) Geology drives rates erosion, weathering, ion exchange, acidification‐alkalinization. (3) Flowpaths contaminant along hydrologic cycles. (4) Climate rising water temperatures, stress, evaporative concentration saltwater intrusion. (5) Time influences consequences, thresholds, potentials ecosystem factors advance in distinct stages, which eventually contribute to failures systems‐level functions (supporting drinking water, crops, biodiversity, infrastructure, etc.). present future research directions protecting freshwaters at risk based on stages from diagnosis prognosis cure.

Язык: Английский

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Resurrection genomics provides molecular and phenotypic evidence of rapid adaptation to salinization in a keystone aquatic species

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 120(6)

Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2023

Ecologists and evolutionary biologists are increasingly cognizant of rapid adaptation in wild populations. Rapid to anthropogenic environmental change is critical for maintaining biodiversity ecosystems services into the future. Anthropogenic salinization freshwater quickly emerging as a primary threat, which well documented northern temperate ecoregion. Specifically, many lakes have undergone extensive because urbanization associated increase impervious surfaces causing runoff, use road deicing salts (e.g., NaCl). It remains unclear whether increasing will lead extirpation species from these systems. Using “resurrection genomics” approach, we investigated keystone aquatic herbivore, Daphnia pulicaria, has evolved increased salinity tolerance severely salinized lake located Minnesota, USA. Whole-genome resequencing 54 clones hatched resting eggs that represent 25-y temporal contrast demonstrates regions genome containing genes related osmoregulation under selection study population. Tolerance assays revealed most recent more tolerant than older clones; this pattern concomitant with stabilizing lake. Together, our results demonstrate such can rapidly adapt salinization. Further, indicate may allow populations persist face food webs ecosystem they support despite global change.

Язык: Английский

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Trends and legacy of freshwater salinization: untangling over 50 years of stream chloride monitoring

Environmental Research Letters, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 16(9), С. 095001 - 095001

Опубликована: Июль 27, 2021

Abstract Excessive use of road salts to maintain safe winter travel conditions leads increasing chloride (Cl) concentrations in streams, damaging the structure and function freshwater ecosystems. Long-term stream Cl trends are generally attributed increases urban land cover, however recent research shows that even relatively rural streams can retain exceed water quality guidelines summer after salting has stopped. Untangling relative influences long-term changes streamflow growth on is critical for making informed decisions about salt management. The portion not explained by or could be due application rates and/or legacy groundwater slowly its way streams. This study assessed seasonal, across Province Ontario, Canada, where urbanization accelerated management plans started develop since early 2000s. We compared over non-salting seasons with estimates from two independent time periods, 1965–1995 2002–2018. For a subset sites sufficient flow data periods analyzed, we parsed seasonal into trend components. found most variance component season urbanization, while half it season. further analyzed low-flow explore extent subsurface contributions trends, concluded summary challenges recommendations future studies

Язык: Английский

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