Innovative Strategies to Combat 5-Fluorouracil Resistance in Colorectal Cancer: The Role of Phytochemicals and Extracellular Vesicles
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(13), С. 7470 - 7470
Опубликована: Июль 8, 2024
Colorectal
cancer
(CRC)
is
a
significant
public
health
challenge,
with
5-fluorouracil
(5-FU)
resistance
being
major
obstacle
to
effective
treatment.
Despite
advancements,
5-FU
remains
formidable
due
complex
mechanisms
such
as
alterations
in
drug
transport,
evasion
of
apoptosis,
dysregulation
cell
cycle
dynamics,
tumor
microenvironment
(TME)
interactions,
and
extracellular
vesicle
(EV)-mediated
pathways.
Traditional
chemotherapy
often
results
high
toxicity,
highlighting
the
need
for
alternative
approaches
better
efficacy
safety.
Phytochemicals
(PCs)
EVs
offer
promising
CRC
therapeutic
strategies.
PCs,
derived
from
natural
sources,
exhibit
lower
toxicity
can
target
multiple
pathways
involved
progression
resistance.
facilitate
targeted
delivery,
modulate
immune
response,
interact
TME
sensitize
cells
However,
potential
PCs
engineered
overcoming
reshaping
immunosuppressive
underexplored.
Addressing
this
gap
crucial
identifying
innovative
therapies
enhanced
reduced
toxicities.
This
review
explores
multifaceted
evaluates
synergistic
effects
combining
improve
treatment
while
minimizing
adverse
effects.
Additionally,
it
investigates
by
serving
delivery
vehicles
modulating
TME.
By
synthesizing
current
knowledge
addressing
research
gaps,
enhances
academic
understanding
CRC,
interdisciplinary
involving
revolutionizing
therapy.
Further
clinical
validation
are
essential
translating
these
findings
into
improved
patient
outcomes.
Язык: Английский
Stoichiometric constraints for detection of EV‐borne biomarkers in blood
Journal of Extracellular Vesicles,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
14(2)
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025
Abstract
Stochiometric
issues,
encompassing
both
the
quantity
and
heterogeneity
of
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
derived
from
tumour
or
other
tissues
in
blood,
pose
important
challenges
across
various
stages
biomarker
discovery
detection,
affecting
integrity
data,
introducing
losses
artifacts
during
blood
processing,
EV
purification
analysis.
These
shape
diagnostic
utility
EVs
especially
within
framework
established
emerging
methodologies.
By
addressing
these
challenges,
we
aim
to
delineate
crucial
parameters
requirements
for
tumour‐specific
more
precisely,
identification
via
based
assays.
Our
endeavour
involves
a
comprehensive
examination
layers
that
mask
confound
traceability
markers
such
as
nucleic
acids
proteins,
focus
on
‘low
prevalence—low
concentration’
scenario.
Finally,
evaluate
advantages
versus
limitations
single‐particle
analysers
over
conventional
bulk
assays,
suggesting
combined
use
capture
interpret
signals,
particular
surface
displayed
may
ultimately
provide
quantitative
information
their
absolute
abundance
distribution.
Язык: Английский
Ultrasensitive Quantification of microRNA Copy Number in Individual Extracellular Vesicles Using DNA Tetrahedron-Based Single-Molecule Imaging
Analytical Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2025
The
ultrasensitive
detection
of
microRNAs
(miRNAs)
in
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
can
accurately
reflect
the
progress
and
metastasis
miRNA-mediated
intercellular
communication,
providing
an
unprecedented
opportunity
for
liquid
biopsy.
However,
due
to
low
abundance
high
heterogeneity
miRNAs
EVs,
quantification
establishment
a
distribution
model
miRNA
within
native
EVs
remain
challenging.
Here,
we
have
developed
DNA
tetrahedron-based
single-molecule
fluorescence
imaging
strategy
overcome
this
challenge.
internalization
efficiency
probe
was
as
70%
without
disrupting
structure
combined
with
imaging,
achieved
situ
analysis
single-copy
individual
amplification
first
time.
A
new
has
been
revealed
by
statistical
copy
number
across
multiple
cell
lines,
characterized
occupancy
heterogeneous
distribution.
More
importantly,
found
that
drug
resistance
cancer
cells
promote
increase
resistance-related
corresponding
secreted,
insights
into
EV
sorting
mechanisms.
We
anticipate
technology
will
rapidly
advance
communication
based
on
EVs.
Язык: Английский
Extracellular vesicles: their challenges and benefits as potential biomarkers for musculoskeletal disorders
Journal of International Medical Research,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
53(2)
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025
Early
diagnosis
and
timely
management
are
critical
for
determining
disease
outcomes
prognoses.
To
date,
certain
methods
developing
disease-specific
biomarkers
have
been
reported;
however,
strategies
musculoskeletal
biomarker
development
rarely
studied.
Recent
studies
highlighted
the
potential
application
of
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
as
biomarkers.
EVs
encapsulate
proteins,
lipids,
messenger
RNAs,
microRNAs
derived
from
their
cellular
origin;
these
constituents
remain
stable
within
can
traverse
blood–brain
barrier.
Because
distinctive
characteristics,
actively
investigated
diagnostic
tools
various
conditions,
including
cancer,
inflammatory
diseases,
disorders.
Although
many
advantages
development,
they
not
yet
fully
researched
in
context
pathologies.
The
current
review
aimed
to
highlight
biomarkers,
summarize
processes
EV
discuss
limitations
future
perspectives
Язык: Английский
Exosome isolation and characterization for advanced diagnostic and therapeutic applications
Materials Today Bio,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
31, С. 101613 - 101613
Опубликована: Фев. 25, 2025
Язык: Английский
Challenges and Opportunities in Translating Extracellular Vesicles into Clinical Applications
Stem Cells and Development,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2025
Язык: Английский
Decoding Complex Biological Milieus: SHINER's Approach to Profiling and Functioning of Extracellular Vesicle Subpopulations
Chen‐Wei Hsu,
Ya-Ching Fang,
J. C. Li
и другие.
Small,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2025
Abstract
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
celebrated
for
their
pivotal
roles
in
cellular
communication
and
potential
disease
diagnosis
therapeutic
applications.
However,
inherent
heterogeneity
acts
as
a
double‐edged
sword,
complicating
the
isolation
of
specific
EV
subpopulations.
Conventional
methods
often
fall
short,
relying
on
biophysical
properties,
while
affinity‐based
techniques
may
compromise
integrity
utility
with
harsh
recovery
conditions.
To
address
these
limitations,
SHINER
(subpopulation
homogeneous
nondestructive
release)
workflow
is
introduced,
which
redefines
how
EVs
isolated
recoverd,
featuring
innovative
SWITCHER
(switchable
extracellular
vesicle
releaser)
tool.
The
facilitates
precise
purification
gentle
target
subpopulations
from
complex
biological
mixtures,
preserving
structural
functionality.
Importantly,
demonstrates
exceptional
adaptability
to
multiple
markers
clinical
It
not
only
enhances
ability
trace
origins
accurate
but
also
advances
fundamental
research
provides
standardized
materials
innovations.
By
improving
understanding
enabling
development
personalized
diagnostics
treatments,
propels
EV‐based
science
into
new
frontiers
advanced
medicine,
offering
transformative
healthcare.
Язык: Английский
Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Cord Blood Plasma and Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate Acute Lung Injury Induced by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
26(1), С. 75 - 75
Опубликована: Дек. 25, 2024
Sepsis
is
a
risk
factor
associated
with
increasing
neonatal
morbidity
and
mortality,
acute
lung
injury,
chronic
disease.
While
stem
cell
therapy
has
shown
promise
in
alleviating
its
effects
are
primarily
exerted
through
paracrine
mechanisms
rather
than
local
engraftment.
Accumulating
evidence
suggests
that
these
mediated
by
mesenchymal
(MSC)-derived
small
extracellular
vesicles
(sEVs),
which
play
critical
role
immune
system
modulation
tissue
regeneration.
sEVs
contain
diverse
cargo
of
mRNA,
miRNA,
proteins,
contributing
to
their
therapeutic
potential.
We
hypothesize
derived
from
three
distinct
sources,
cord
blood
plasma
(CBP),
Wharton
jelly
(WJ),
placental
(PL)
MSCs,
may
prevent
the
cytotoxicity
induced
E.
coli
lipopolysaccharide
(LPS)
alveolar
epithelial
cells.
Objective:
To
determine
CBP-,
WJ-,
PL-MSCs-derived
on
viability,
apoptosis,
proinflammatory
cytokine
production
cells
monocytes
following
LPS
treatment.
were
collected
conditioned
media
PL-MSCs,
WJ-MSCs,
CBP
using
50
nm
membrane
filters.
characterized
based
nanoparticle
tracking
analysis
(NTA),
transmission
electron
microscopy
(TEM),
Western
blotting
techniques.
The
protein
concentration
isolated
was
used
standardize
treatment
doses.
A549
monocyte
THP-1
cultured
exposed
presence
or
absence
for
72
h.
Cell
viability
measured
CellTiter-Glo
2.0
chemiluminescence-based
assay.
For
analysis,
pre-incubated
24
h
without
PL-
CBP-sEVs,
followed
exposure
control
conditions
an
additional
collected,
interleukin-6
(IL-6)
interleukin-8
(IL-8)
levels
quantified
ELISA.
significantly
reduced
both
CB-
WJ-sEVs
increased
compared
controls.
Cells
treated
PL-sEVs
showed
but
did
not
reach
statistical
significance.
LPS-treated
significant
increase
apoptosis
elevated
pro-inflammatory
cytokines
IL-6
IL-8.
All
types
(CBP-,
PL-sEVs)
LPS-induced
release.
Interestingly,
while
decreased
IL-8,
CBP-
led
IL-8
respective
PL-,
WJ-derived
demonstrated
protective
against
injury
monocytes,
as
evidenced
These
findings
suggest
placenta-derived
have
potential
modulate
response,
mitigate
inflammation,
end-organ
damage
sepsis.
Язык: Английский
Mechanical Extrusion of the Plasma Membrane to Generate Ectosome-Mimetic Nanovesicles for Lung Targeting
Molecular Pharmaceutics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
22(1), С. 304 - 315
Опубликована: Ноя. 26, 2024
Extracellular
vehicles
(EVs)
are
naturally
occurring
nanocarriers
that
participate
in
the
transportation
of
biologics
between
cells.
Despite
their
potential
drug
delivery,
optimal
use
therapy
remains
a
challenge,
which
comes
from
difficulty
preparation
scale-up
and
cargo
loading
efficiency.
As
membrane-enclosed
nanoscale
system,
EVs
reluctant
to
be
transfected
with
cargos
purified
by
conventional
methods.
In
present
study,
we
proposed
an
EV-mimetic
nanovesicle
system
overcome
challenges.
Using
easy-culture
mammalian
cells
as
raw
materials,
isolated
plasma
membrane
sheets
vesiculated
them
into
nanovesicles
EV
mimic
mechanical
extrusion
through
porous
membranes.
order
controllably
load
lumen
vesicles,
endogenous
actin
filament
was
chosen
anchor
capture
(fused
anti-actin
nanobody)
inner
leaflet
inside
after
extrusion.
By
bioluminescent
tracer
nano-luciferase
(Nluc)
tracking
biodistribution
mice,
unclosed
lung-tropic
nature
these
nanovesicles.
Furthermore,
demonstrated
can
genetically
engineered
chimeric
antigen
receptors
achieve
active
targeting
lung
cancer
conclusion,
our
study
indicated
might
applicable
approach
generate
mimics
for
especially
tissue.
Язык: Английский