Bio‐Integrated Microrobots: Fabrication, Actuation and Biomedical Applications

Опубликована: Март 13, 2025

ABSTRACT Bio‐integrated microrobots (BIMs), which are fabricated with biofriendly materials, biological units (e.g. cells or biomolecules), cell‐material hybrids have emerged as a promising technology for minimally invasive biomedicine. The diminutive size and flexible structures enable BIMs to navigate within narrow, deep, challenging‐to‐reach in vivo regions, performing biopsy, diagnostic, drug delivery, therapeutic functions minimal invasiveness. However, the clinical deployment of is highly orchestrated task that requires consideration material properties, structural design, locomotion, observation, outcomes, side effects on tissues, etc. In this review, we review discuss latest advances bio‐integrated microrobot domain, evaluating various methods associated fabrication, actuation, implementation biomedical BIMs. By comparing advantages shortcomings these techniques, highlights challenges future trends intelligent microrobots, huge potential

Язык: Английский

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Magneto-Fluorescent Microrobots with Selective Detection Intelligence for High-Energy Explosives and Antibiotics in Aqueous Environments

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 27, 2025

Fluorescence-based sensing is a straightforward and powerful technique with high sensitivity for the detection of wide range chemical biological analytes. Integrating capabilities fluorescent probes wireless navigation systems can enable extension their operational range, even in challenging scenarios limited accessibility or involving hazardous substances. This study presents development molecularly engineered magneto-fluorescent microrobots based on push–pull quinonoids by incorporating magnetic nanoparticles using reprecipitation approach aim detecting high-energy explosives antibiotics aqueous environments. The components offer remotely controlled navigability toward intended target areas under guidance external fields. Upon interactions either (picric acid) (tetracycline), microrobots' intrinsic fluorescence switches to "fluorescence off" state, enabling material-based intelligence applications. molecular-level that underlie "on–off" state switching upon engagement molecules are elucidated through extensive spectroscopy, microscopy, X-ray diffraction analyses. selectivity achieved designing amine functionalities capable intermolecular hydrogen bonding acidic hydroxyl group picric acid, leading formation water-soluble charge transfer picrate complexes proton transfer. Similarly, play key role tetracycline detection. selective performance fluidic channel experiments illustrates an externally manner, highlighting promising characteristics applications real-world scenarios.

Язык: Английский

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Multi‐Module Micro/Nanorobots for Biomedical and Environmental Remediation Applications

Advanced Intelligent Systems, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 6, 2025

Micro/nanorobots (MNRs) are untethered, small‐scale devices designed to perform complex tasks in challenging and inaccessible environments, with promising biomedicine environmental remediation applications. Recent advancements multi‐module MNRs, which incorporate functional components such as actuators, propellers, imaging modalities, manipulators, have significantly expanded their capabilities while addressing the limitations of single‐module designs. This article reviews recent progress these core modules, emphasizing application biomedicine, including targeted drug delivery, tissue repair, diagnosis, well remediation, pollutant removal microorganism treatment. It highlights practical strategies address real‐world challenges domains, a focus on design enhancing functionality. Despite substantial advancements, key persist, scalability, real‐time imaging, intelligent control. Future research directions include development modules equipped memory, data processing, communication functions, enabling autonomous decision‐making closed‐loop These developments hold potential foster innovation medicine, sustainability, other critical fields.

Язык: Английский

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Chlamydomonas-Inspired Water-Air Interface Mini-Robot with Intricate Tectonics, Programmable Locomotion, and Multifunctional Execution

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 6, 2025

With the rapid development of micro-robotics, non-mechanical stimulus-responsive water-air interface mini-robots have become a prominent focus in intelligent materials and environmentally responsive systems. However, their versatile application is challenged by fundamental trade-off: simpler structures enable precise motion control, while complex configurations are often required for task execution, making it difficult to balance controllable locomotion with functional complexity. Inspired Chlamydomonas, we designed mini-robot sophisticated multifunctional architecture (CI-Robot), enabling both programmable which demonstrated tremendous potential confined aquatic environments pipelines. The robot can achieve ultra-fast linear rotational speeds (11.43 body/s, 8.98π rad/s), exceeding biological counterparts 1.37- 4.24-fold, via synergistic surface tension gradients flagellar capillary mechanisms. fluid-solid coupling simulation reveals mechanism CI-Robot transitional Reynolds regimes, inertial force stabilizes propulsion force, driving torque rapidly decreases equilibrium (~15.21 μN, ~10⁻⁹ N·m), providing theoretical basis analysis regulation robot's behavior. safe separation distance (~2/3 body length) without interference determined collective analysis, guides reasonable arrangement group operation. Integrating modules, excels obstacle avoidance, path planning, microplastic collection (up 10² particles/mL), bacterial sampling 100 CFU/mL) site-specific molecular release, retaining samples >30 minutes. This innovative combining unparalleled speed, adaptability, multifunctionality, will pave way transformative applications cargo delivery, environmental monitoring, collection, space.

Язык: Английский

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