Zwitterionic Energetic Materials: Synthesis, Structural Diversity and Energetic Properties

Chemistry - An Asian Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 19(17)

Опубликована: Июнь 10, 2024

Abstract Zwitterionic compounds are an emergent class of energetic materials and have gained synthetic interest many in the recent years. Due to their better packing efficiencies strong inter/intramolecular electrostatic interactions, they often ensue superior properties than salt analogues. A systematic review from perspective design, synthesis, physicochemical evaluation zwitterionic is presented. Depending on parent ring(s) used for synthesis type moieties bearing positive negative charges, different classes materials, such as primary explosives, secondary heat resistant oxidizers, etc., may result. The some also compared with analogous salts. This will encourage readers explore possibility designing new materials.

Язык: Английский

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Polynitro-functionalized 4-phenyl-1H-pyrazoles as heat-resistant explosives

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(32), С. 6604 - 6616

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

This work demonstrates the synthesis, characterization, and energetic properties’ evaluation of polynitro-functionalized 4-phenyl-1 H -pyrazole-based heat-resistant explosives.

Язык: Английский

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Energetic 1,2,4-oxadiazoles: synthesis and properties

Russian Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 93(2), С. RCR5109 - RCR5109

Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2024

The study of high-energy materials based on poly nitrogen- and nitrogen-oxygen-containing heterocycles is one the most important relevant modern interdisciplinary research areas at intersection organic physical chemistry science. Among such heterocycles, 1,2,4-oxadiazole ring a rather interesting building block for synthesis new energetic compounds. Although 1,2,4-oxadiazoles has been developed more than 100 years, these have only recently become known are currently "hot spots" in this field This review systematizes published methods features reactivity 1,2,4-oxadiazole-based Mono- bis(1,2,4-oxadiazoles) as well structures containing other azoles pyrazole, 1,2,5-oxadiazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole tetrazole considered. For series structurally similar compounds, their physicochemical properties summarized factors affecting particular parameter discussed.<br> Bibliography — 123 references.

Язык: Английский

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Unlocking the effect of monocyclic and fused backbones on energy and stability of fully nitrated compounds

Chemical Engineering Journal, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 473, С. 145331 - 145331

Опубликована: Авг. 10, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Thermally Stable and Insensitive Energetic Cocrystals Comprising Nitrobarbituric Acid Coformers

Crystal Growth & Design, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 23(4), С. 2826 - 2836

Опубликована: Март 13, 2023

Four novel energetic cocrystals of 5-nitropyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione/nitro barbituric acid (NBA) with coformers 1H-tetrazol-5-amine (AmTz), 5-(4-nitro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-amine (NPTA), 1,3-diaminoguanidinehydrochloride (DAG), and 7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazole-3,6,7-triamine (TATOT) were synthesized for the first time confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Three cocrystals, NBA:AmTz, NBA:NPTA, NBA:DAG, obtained in a stoichiometry 1:1, while NBA:TATOT was 1:2 stoichiometry. All presented molecules from commercially available inexpensive starting materials one or two steps. possess high densities (1.71–1.80 g cm–3), excellent thermal stability (222–310 °C), low impact friction sensitivity (>40 J >360 N), which suggest that they are better replacement TNT as core explosive close to RDX HMX formulating material. The strong stabilizing hydrogen bonding vdW interactions preserved among all components cocrystals. These also play significant role cocrystal formation. combine AmTz, NPTA, DAG, TATOT performance NBA into homogeneous

Язык: Английский

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Combination of N‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole and 4‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dinitropyrazole for the synthesis of high performing explosives

Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 61(8), С. 1299 - 1305

Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2024

Abstract In an attempt to cultivate energy‐stability balance, a series of nitrogen and oxygen‐rich high energy density materials were synthesized based on N ‐substituted 4‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dinitropyrazole methylene‐linked ‐amino‐1,2,4‐bridges. The hydroxy substituent contributed oxygen content, hydrogen bonding, tunability via salt formation. On the other hand, triazole bridge delivered content thermal stability. All compounds characterized with multinuclear NMR, FTIR, HRMS, elemental analysis, their physicochemical energetic properties analyzed. Energetic 1 – 5 showed detonation performance adequate overall stabilities. Compound exhibited higher (1.84 g/cm 3 ) ( D v = 8103 m/s, P 26.9 GPa) in comparison its reported amino derivative.

Язык: Английский

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Manipulating sensitivities of planar oxadiazole‐based high performing energetic materials

Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 61(3), С. 506 - 513

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2024

Abstract Nitrogen‐rich energetic materials based on five‐membered azoles, such as tetrazoles, triazoles, oxadiazoles, pyrazoles, and imidazoles, have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their environmental compatibility while maintaining high performance. These materials, including explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, are designed release energy rapidly efficiently minimizing the of toxic or hazardous byproducts attracted potential applications defense space industries. The presence extensive NC, NN, NN bonds azoles provides enthalpies formation facilitates intermolecular interactions through π‐stacking which may help with reducing sensitivity external stimuli. Now, we report synthesis properties N ‐(5‐(1 H ‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl)nitramide ( 5 ) its salts. new nitrogen–oxygen‐containing attractive feature insensitivity increased

Язык: Английский

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Synthesis, thermodynamics and catalytic properties of novel energetic coordination compounds based on nitrotriazolate-formazan ligand

Inorganic Chemistry Communications, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 114679 - 114679

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Boosting Intermolecular Interactions of Tetrazole and 1,2,4-Oxadiazole Enables Achieving High-Energy Insensitive Materials

Crystal Growth & Design, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 24(15), С. 6204 - 6210

Опубликована: Июль 10, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Computational Studies of Energetic Property Peculiarities in Trinitrophenyl-Substituted Nitramines

Energies, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 16(13), С. 5180 - 5180

Опубликована: Июль 5, 2023

This research was performed using Becke’s three-parameter hybrid functional approach with non-local correlation provided by Lee, Yang, and Parr the cc-pVTZ basis set. The geometry, total energy, heat of formation most stable conformers nitramines under study were obtained to obtain density, resistance shock stimuli, detonation pressure, velocity materials study. results allow us predict new multipurpose energetic a good balance between energy stability. Our findings show that N-(2-nitroethyl)-N-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)nitramine, N-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-N-[(3,4,5-trinitro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl]nitramine, N-(2,2-dinitroethyl)-N-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)nitramine, N-(2,2,2-trinitroethyl)-N-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)nitramine, N-(trinitromethyl)-N-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)nitramine possess better explosive properties greater stability compared tetryl, although they remain sensitive stimuli. Referring obtained, we recommend tetryl analogs containing dinitroethyl, trinitroethyl, trinitromethyl substituents for practical usage.

Язык: Английский

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