Zwitterionic fused pyrazolo-triazole based high performing energetic materials

Chemical Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 60(12), С. 1646 - 1649

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

A series of nitrogen-rich fused energetic materials were synthesized from commercially available inexpensive starting and fully characterized using 1 H 13 C NMR, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, DSC.

Язык: Английский

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Highly Promising Primary Explosive: A Metal-Free, Fluoro-Substituted Azo-Triazole with Unmatched Safety and Performance

JACS Au, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 5(2), С. 1031 - 1038

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2025

A primary explosive is a perfect chemical compound for starting ignition in military and commercial uses. Over the past century, quest lead-free, environmentally friendly explosives has been significant challenge long-standing goal. Here, an innovative organic explosive, (E)-1,2-bis(3-azido-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)diazene (4), designed synthesized through straightforward three-step reaction from commercially available reagents. Importantly, this integrated two trifluoromethyl azido groups into N,N′-azo-1,2,4-triazole backbone to enhance performance safety. With combination, it meets stringent criteria safer, explosives: being metal perchlorate-free, possessing high density, excellent priming ability, unique sensitivities nonexplosive stimuli. It shows robust environmental resistance, good thermal stability, effective detonation also can be effectively initiated with laser. Moreover, test, 4 successfully detonated 500 mg of PETN ultralow minimum primer charge (MPC) 40 mg, similar traditional LA (MPC: mg) outperforming metal-free ICM-103 60 DDNP 70 mg). The power, combined its synthesis, cost-effectiveness, easy large-scale manufacturing, makes superior alternative currently used such as lead azide (LA) diazodinitrophenol (DDNP).

Язык: Английский

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Zwitterionic Energetic Materials: Synthesis, Structural Diversity and Energetic Properties

Chemistry - An Asian Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 19(17)

Опубликована: Июнь 10, 2024

Abstract Zwitterionic compounds are an emergent class of energetic materials and have gained synthetic interest many in the recent years. Due to their better packing efficiencies strong inter/intramolecular electrostatic interactions, they often ensue superior properties than salt analogues. A systematic review from perspective design, synthesis, physicochemical evaluation zwitterionic is presented. Depending on parent ring(s) used for synthesis type moieties bearing positive negative charges, different classes materials, such as primary explosives, secondary heat resistant oxidizers, etc., may result. The some also compared with analogous salts. This will encourage readers explore possibility designing new materials.

Язык: Английский

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Time for mixing: Mixed dicationic energetic salts based on methylene bridged 4-hydroxy-3,5-dinitropyrazole and tetrazole for tunable performance

Energetic Materials Frontiers, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(2), С. 105 - 111

Опубликована: Май 14, 2024

Various types of materials have been explored in the pursuit high energy density (HEDMs) that balanced and stability. Among them, energetic salts show numerous advantages, such as lower vapor pressures, physical stabilities, opportunity for favourable tuning by careful selection cations/anions. Nitrogen-rich bases are generally used cations salt formation. While synthesis with larger lowers sensitivity, smaller aid better performance. A combination both same ionic moieties might help formation a superior explosive. In this work, facile route mixed dicationic based on 1-((1H-tetrazol-5-yl)methyl)-3,5-dinitro-1H-pyrazol-4-ol (compound 1) has various combinations bigger (compounds 4-10). All synthesized showed positive heats formation, performance comparable to TATB, excellent stability towards impact friction, acceptable thermal stabilities. This improved technique will provide an additional option fine-tuning properties HEDMs facilitate exploring role overall compounds.

Язык: Английский

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Highly Dense N–N-Bridged Dinitramino Bistriazole-Based 3D Metal–Organic Frameworks with Balanced Outstanding Energetic Performance

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2024

Due to the inherent conflict between energy and safety, construction of energetic materials or metal–organic frameworks (E-MOFs) with balanced thermal stability, sensitivity, high detonation performance is challenging for chemists worldwide. In this regard, in recent times self-assembly ligands (high nitrogen- oxygen-containing small molecules) alkali metals were probed as a promising strategy build high-energy excellent density, insensitivity, performance. Herein, based on nitrogen-rich N,N′-([4,4′-bi(1,2,4-triazole)]-3,3′-dial)dinitramide (H2BDNBT) ligand, two new environmentally benign E-MOFs including potassium [K2BDNBT]n (K-MOF) sodium [Na2BDNBT]n (Na-MOF) have been introduced characterized by NMR, IR, TGA-DSC, ICP-MS, PXRD, elemental analyses, SCXRD. Interestingly, Na-MOF K-MOF demonstrate solvent-free 3D dense having crystal densities 2.16 2.14 g cm–3, respectively. Both show velocity (VOD) 8557–9724 m/s, pressure (DP) 30.41–36.97 GPa, positive heat formation 122.52–242.25 kJ mol–1, insensitivity mechanical stimuli such impact friction (IS = 30–40 J, FS > 360 N). Among them, has (9724 m/s) superior that conventional explosives. Additionally, both are highly heat-resistant, higher decomposition (319 °C 293 Na-MOF) than traditional explosives RDX (210 °C), HMX (279 CL-20 (221 °C). This stability ascribed extensive structure strong covalent interactions BDNBT2– K(I)/Na(I) ions. To best our knowledge, first time, we report dinitramino-based stable secondary explosives, may serve next-generation high-energy-density material replacement presently used thermally RDX, HNS, HMX, CL-20.

Язык: Английский

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Combination of N‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole and 4‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dinitropyrazole for the synthesis of high performing explosives

Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 61(8), С. 1299 - 1305

Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2024

Abstract In an attempt to cultivate energy‐stability balance, a series of nitrogen and oxygen‐rich high energy density materials were synthesized based on N ‐substituted 4‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dinitropyrazole methylene‐linked ‐amino‐1,2,4‐bridges. The hydroxy substituent contributed oxygen content, hydrogen bonding, tunability via salt formation. On the other hand, triazole bridge delivered content thermal stability. All compounds characterized with multinuclear NMR, FTIR, HRMS, elemental analysis, their physicochemical energetic properties analyzed. Energetic 1 – 5 showed detonation performance adequate overall stabilities. Compound exhibited higher (1.84 g/cm 3 ) ( D v = 8103 m/s, P 26.9 GPa) in comparison its reported amino derivative.

Язык: Английский

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Symmetric Refunctionalization of Diaminodinitropyrazine with Hydrazine and Aminotetrazole: Strategy for Enhancing Detonation Performance and Safety in Energetic Materials

Inorganic Chemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 63(32), С. 15144 - 15153

Опубликована: Авг. 2, 2024

Two novel nitrogen-rich green energetic compounds were synthesized for the first time from readily available and cost-effective pyrazine starting materials. All newly molecules comprehensively characterized, including infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry. have additionally been validated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The physicochemical properties of

Язык: Английский

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Trailblazing 3D MOFs Featuring 1,2,4‐Dinitrimino Triazole: Redefining Energetic Materials and Iodine Encapsulation

Advanced Functional Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Авг. 12, 2024

Abstract The quest for high‐performance energetic materials defense and aerospace has intensified, focusing on balancing energy output safety. This study presents the synthesis of 3D metal‐organic frameworks (EMOFs) [Na 3 (DNT)(H 2 O)] n ( Na‐MOF ), [K (DNT) (H K‐MOF [Cs (DNT)] Cs‐MOF ) using 1,2,4‐dinitrimino triazole through a hydrothermal process. synthesized EMOFs are characterized infrared spectroscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis differential calorimetry, structures confirmed via single‐crystal revealing with crystal densities 2.15, 2.16, 2.86 g cm −3 , respectively. Among them, exhibits excellent detonation performance (VOD = 8900 m s −1 DP 26.21 GPa), high thermal stability (T d 369 °C), insensitivity to impact friction (IS 40 J, FS 360 N). displays balanced mechanical properties, while though moderate in performance, shows significant potential pyrotechnic applications, producing bright red flame. Intermolecular interactions analyzed Hirshfeld surface, 2D fingerprint, SEM analyses, enhancing understanding particle size morphology. also demonstrates iodine encapsulation capacity, positioning it as replacement traditional like RDX heat‐resistant explosives such HNS, comparability PYX.

Язык: Английский

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Polynitro 1,2,3-triazole energetic materials with excellent properties through the combination of hydrogen-rich cation and N-amino group

Energetic Materials Frontiers, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Employing Nitrogen–Sulfur Synergy: 1,2,3-Triazole-Thiadiazole-Based Energetic Materials

Organic Letters, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 8, 2025

In this study, we synthesized energetic materials integrating thiadiazole and triazole moieties. The newly developed compounds were thoroughly characterized using NMR, IR, elemental analysis, TGA-DSC, single-crystal X-ray diffraction (for compound 3). These exhibited acceptable properties, including high densities (1.88–1.92 g cm–3), moderate to good detonation performance (VOD: 6383–8128 m s–1), thermal stability (143–238 °C), less sensitivity impact (>15 J) friction (360 N). Notably, 4 8 achieved superior velocities compared nearly all reported sulfur-based date. This work highlights the significance of triazole-thiadiazole frameworks in development fine-tuning materials.

Язык: Английский

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