Intramolecular Cyclization and Energetic Group Modifications for Thermally Stable and Low-Sensitivity Monocyclic Dinitromethyl Zwitterionic Pyrazoles
Inorganic Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2025
Zwitterionic
energetic
materials
offer
a
unique
combination
of
high
performance
and
stability,
yet
their
synthesis
stability
enhancement
remain
key
challenges.
In
this
study,
we
report
the
highly
stable
(dinitromethyl-functionalized
zwitterionic
compound,
1-(amino(iminio)methyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)dinitromethanide
(4),
with
thermal
decomposition
temperature
215
°C,
surpassing
that
most
previously
reported
monocyclic
zwitterions
(Td
<
150
°C).
This
compound
was
synthesized
via
intramolecular
cyclization
trinitromethyl-functionalized
hydrazone
precursor.
Further
chemical
modifications,
including
nitration
fluorination,
enabled
zwitterion-to-zwitterion
transformations,
resulting
in
formation
nitramines
10
12.
Additionally,
perchlorate
salt
(8)
4
synthesized,
along
ammonium
(13),
guanidinium
(14),
potassium
(15)
salts
derived
from
10,
all
retaining
properties.
Physicochemical
evaluations
reveal
zwitterion
12
exhibits
excellent
=
181
°C)
an
optimal
balance
between
energy
output
(detonation
velocity:
8329
m
s-1,
detonation
pressure:
29.4
GPa)
reduced
sensitivity
(impact
sensitivity:
35
J,
friction
320
N).
Notably,
15
demonstrates
superior
233
°C),
exceeding
RDX.
These
results
expand
design
framework
for
contribute
to
development
high-energy,
low-sensitivity
materials.
Язык: Английский
Engaging Two Anions with Single Cation in Energetic Salts: Approach for Optimization of Oxygen Balance in Energetic Materials
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(47), С. 64846 - 64857
Опубликована: Ноя. 12, 2024
The
field
of
high
energy
density
materials
faces
a
long-standing
challenge
to
achieve
an
optimum
balance
between
and
stability.
While
energetic
salt
formation
via
combination
oxygen-
nitrogen-rich
anions
(providing
energy)
with
nitrogen-containing
cations
stability)
has
been
proven
approach
for
improving
physical
stability,
constraints
such
as
lowering
performance
remain
unresolved.
This
can
be
addressed
by
utilizing
oxygen-containing
formation.
However,
this
is
rarely
explored
because
its
synthesis
challenging.
In
work,
we
have
designed
oxygen-rich
cationic
precursor
Язык: Английский