Flexibility
and
wearability
in
electronic
devices
gain
prominence
with
the
rise
of
national
fitness
campaigns.
Among
them,
piezoresistive
sensors
stand
out
for
their
ability
to
accurately
monitor
health
signals
due
high
sensitivity.
However,
conventional
metal
nanoparticle
ink
electrodes
face
issues
like
peeling,
chemical
instability,
substrate
limitations.
This
study
introduces
a
novel
method
fabricating
high-performance
flexible
using
liquid-phase
reduced
electrodes.
Integration
porous
polydimethylsiloxane
(PDMS)
substrates
highly
conductive
interdigital
silver
(1.6×10-6
Ω·m)
addresses
electrode
shortcomings,
offering
permeability,
flexibility,
outstanding
conductivity.
Incorporation
graphene
(GR)/carbon
nanotube
(CNT)/Ecoflex
composite
enhances
sensor
sensing
capabilities,
features
including
sensitivity
(3.57
KPa-1),
rapid
response
time
(58
ms/72
ms),
excellent
cycle
stability
(1000
cycles).
The
finds
utility
various
applications,
human
physiological
signal
monitoring,
pressure
array
recognition,
handwriting
recognition.
Additionally,
deep
learning
techniques,
system
achieves
accurate
recognition
(99.25%)
correction
(98.75%)
diverse
movements,
aiming
promote
safer
exercise
practices,
enhance
training
efficiency,
advance
intelligent
wearable
devices.
Advanced Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Дек. 23, 2024
Abstract
Conductive
hydrogels
combine
the
benefits
of
soft
with
electrical
conductivity
and
have
gained
significant
attention
over
past
decade.
These
innovative
materials,
including
poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)
(PEDOTs)‐based
conductive
(P‐CHs),
are
promising
for
flexible
electronics
biological
applications
due
to
their
tunable
flexibility,
biocompatibility,
hydrophilicity.
Despite
recent
advances,
intrinsic
correlation
between
design,
fabrications,
P‐CHs
has
been
mostly
based
on
trial‐and‐error‐based
Edisonian
approaches,
significantly
limiting
further
development.
This
review
comprehensively
examines
design
strategies,
fabrication
technologies,
diverse
P‐CHs.
By
summarizing
such
as
molecular,
network,
phase,
structural
engineering,
exploring
both
2D
3D
techniques,
this
offers
a
comprehensive
overview
in
fields
bioelectronics,
actuators,
energy
devices,
solar
evaporators.
Establishing
critical
internal
connection
fabrication,
application
aims
guide
future
research
stimulate
innovation
field
functional
P‐CHs,
offering
broad
multidisciplinary
researchers.
Advanced Materials,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2025
Conductive
hydrogels
have
attracted
significant
attention
due
to
exceptional
flexibility,
electrochemical
property,
and
biocompatibility.
However,
the
low
mechanical
strength
can
compromise
their
stability
under
high
stress,
making
material
susceptible
fracture
in
complex
or
harsh
environments.
Achieving
a
balance
between
conductivity
robustness
remains
critical
challenge.
In
this
study,
super-robust
conductive
were
designed
developed
with
highly
oriented
structures
densified
networks,
by
employing
techniques
such
as
stretch-drying-induced
directional
assembly,
salting-out,
ionic
crosslinking.
The
showed
remarkable
property
(tensile
strength:
17.13-142.1
MPa;
toughness:
50
MJ
m-
3),
(30.1
S
m-1),
reliable
strain
sensing
performance.
Additionally,
it
applied
hydrogel
fabricate
biomimetic
electronic
skin
device,
significantly
improving
signal
quality
device
stability.
By
integrating
1D
convolutional
neural
network
algorithm,
further
real-time
recognition
system
based
on
triboelectric
piezoresistive
collection,
achieving
classification
accuracy
of
up
99.79%
across
eight
materials.
This
study
predicted
potential
high-performance
for
various
applications
flexible
smart
wearables,
Internet
Things,
bioelectronics,
bionic
robotics.
Chemical Society Reviews,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
Recent
advancements
in
wearable
biosensors
and
bioelectronics
highlight
biocompatible
conducting
nanocomposite
hydrogels
as
key
components
for
personalized
health
devices
soft
electronics.
Nano-Micro Letters,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
17(1)
Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2025
Abstract
Sleep
monitoring
is
an
important
part
of
health
management
because
sleep
quality
crucial
for
restoration
human
health.
However,
current
commercial
products
polysomnography
are
cumbersome
with
connecting
wires
and
state-of-the-art
flexible
sensors
still
interferential
being
attached
to
the
body.
Herein,
we
develop
a
flexible-integrated
multimodal
sensing
patch
based
on
hydrogel
its
application
in
unconstraint
monitoring.
The
comprises
bottom
hydrogel-based
dual-mode
pressure–temperature
layer
top
electrospun
nanofiber-based
non-contact
detection
as
one
integrated
device.
core
substrate
exhibits
strong
toughness
water
retention,
temperature,
pressure,
proximity
realized
different
mechanisms
no
crosstalk
interference.
function
verified
simulated
real-world
scenario
by
robotic
hand
grasping
objects
validate
practicability.
Multiple
patches
locations
pillow
assembled
intelligent
Versatile
human–pillow
interaction
information
well
their
evolution
over
time
acquired
analyzed
one-dimensional
convolutional
neural
network.
Track
head
movement
recognition
bad
patterns
that
may
lead
poor
achieved,
which
provides
promising
approach
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(31), С. 41583 - 41595
Опубликована: Июль 24, 2024
Conductive
hydrogels
are
widely
used
in
flexible
sensors
owing
to
their
adjustable
structure,
good
conductivity,
and
flexibility.
The
performance
of
excellent
mechanical
properties,
high
sensitivity,
elastic
modulus
compatible
with
human
tissues
is
great
interest
the
field
sensors.
In
this
paper,
functional
groups
trisodium
citrate
dihydrate
(SC)
MXene
form
multiple
hydrogen
bonds
polymer
network
prepare
a
hydrogel
properties
(Young's
(23.5–92
kPa)
similar
tissue
(0–100
kPa)),
sensitivity
(stretched
GF
4.41
compressed
S1
5.15
MPa–1),
durability
(1000
cycles).
able
sensitively
detect
deformations
caused
by
strain
stress
can
be
movement
real
time
such
as
fingers,
wrists,
walking.
addition,
combination
matrix
sensing
machine
learning
was
successfully
for
handwriting
recognition
an
accuracy
0.9744.
shows
potential
areas
healthcare,
information
security,
smart
homes.
Abstract
Intelligent
wearable
sensors
based
on
MXenes
hydrogels
are
rapidly
advancing
the
frontier
of
personalized
healthcare
management.
MXenes,
a
new
class
transition
metal
carbon/nitride
synthesized
only
decade
ago,
have
proved
to
be
promising
candidate
for
soft
sensors,
advanced
human–machine
interfaces,
and
biomimicking
systems
due
their
controllable
high
electrical
conductivity,
as
well
unique
mechanical
properties
derived
from
atomistically
thin
layered
structure.
In
addition,
MXenes’
biocompatibility,
hydrophilicity,
antifouling
render
them
particularly
suitable
synergize
with
into
composite
mechanoelectrical
functions.
Nonetheless,
while
use
MXene
multifunctional
surface
or
an
current
collector
such
energy
device
electrode
is
prevalent,
its
incorporation
gel
system
purpose
sensing
vastly
less
understood
formalized.
This
review
provides
systematic
exposition
synthesis,
property,
application
intelligent
sensors.
Specific
challenges
opportunities
synthesis
adoption
in
practical
applications
explicitly
analyzed
discussed
facilitate
cross
gemination
across
disciplines
advance
potential
hydrogels.
ACS Applied Electronic Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
6(6), С. 4619 - 4629
Опубликована: Июнь 4, 2024
Conductive
hydrogels
have
been
widely
applied
to
develop
flexible
and
wearable
sensors.
Classic
conductive
polymers
such
as
poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)
exhibit
high
conductivity
biocompatibility,
but
their
intrinsic
insolubility
may
affect
the
establishment
of
pathways,
thereby
further
impeding
enhancement
both
electrical
mechanical
properties.
In
this
study,
a
self-doped
highly
poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)
sulfonate
(PEDOT-S)
solution
was
obtained
by
photopolymerization,
avoiding
introduction
iron
ions.
Following
this,
we
developed
double
network
(DN)
hydrogel
system
from
poly(vinyl
alcohol)
polyacrylamide
via
freezing–thawing
approach,
combining
with
PEDOT-S
agent.
The
exhibited
robust
strength,
adhesive
capability,
remarkable
sensitivity.
As
strain
sensor,
can
be
used
detect
body
motion
vocal
cord
vibrations,
providing
promising
potential
for
application
in
devices.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2025
With
significantly
high
lithium-ion
(Li+)
transport
efficiency,
single-ion
conducting
polymer
electrolytes
(SIPEs)
often
suffer
from
low
ionic
conductivity
due
to
the
covalently
bonded
anions
backbone.
Adding
plasticizers
SIPEs
improve
usually
reduces
matrix's
mechanical
robustness,
negatively
affecting
overall
performance
as
solid
electrolytes.
Herein,
surpass
such
a
trade-off
relationship,
we
successfully
designed
composite
membrane
(c-SIPM60)
with
cross-linked
linear
and
incorporated
glass-mesh
substrate,
which
shows
cation
number
close
1,
ultrahigh
tensile
strength
of
22
MPa
(modulus
547.3
MPa),
1.2
×
10–4
S/cm
at
25
°C.
The
resultant
Li/c-SIPM60/Li
symmetric
cell
showed
stable
cycling
up
1200
h,
LiFePO4/c-SIPM60/Li
presented
good
reversibility
C/10.
Meanwhile,
additional
lithium
salts,
cationic-transport
(c-HTPM60)
was
increase
retained
Li+
efficiency.
LiFePO4/c-HTPM60/Li
exhibited
capacity
retention
>75.6%
after
700
cycles
This
work
provides
new
insights
into
designing
simultaneously
tLi+,
conductivity,
affording
effective
for
energy
storage
systems.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2025
Personal
health
management
drives
the
development
of
intelligent
hydrogel
dressings,
which
pursue
optical
transparency,
stretchability,
and
conductivity
are
required
to
perceive
specific
environmental
stimuli
by
dynamic
structure,
shape,
or
color
memory.
However,
incorporation
weak
perceptive
elements
black
conductive
polymers
limits
fabrication
these
hydrogels.
Herein,
we
propose
smart
hydrogels
with
inscribable
memorizing-forgetting
transparency
behavior
in
situ
degrading
immobilizing
polydopamine-doped
polypyrrole
(PDA-PPy)
nanodots
into
an
interpenetrating
poly(NIPAm-co-acrylic
acid)
copolymer/polyacrylamide
(PNAc/PAM)
network.
These
not
only
optically
transparent
(∼64.99%),
stretchable
(∼1052%),
self-adhesive
(21-105
kPa),
highly
(∼0.8
S/m),
but
also
can
temperature
changes
via
structure
shifts,
enables
temperature-induced
reversible
control.
Especially,
temperature-dependent
transparent-opaque
transition
kinetics
tuned
protonation
-COOH
groups
at
pH
<
pKa,
utilizing
achieve
inscribed
programmed
memory
for
information
memorizing-forgetting-recalling
based
on
a
pH-engraved
evolution
response
changes.
be
used
as
efficient
near-infrared
(NIR)
light-controlled
drug
release
carriers
realize
on-demand
release,
serve
soft
sensor
recognize
different
body
postures
movement
behaviors
high
strain
sensitivity
(gauge
factor,
GF
=
5.98),
broad
working
(5-500%),
rapid
(139
ms),
excellent
sensing
reliability
(≈1000
cycles
50%
strain).
