ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Май 20, 2025
Zwitterionic
hydrogels
have
gained
prominence
in
flexible
electronics
for
their
biocompatibility.
However,
applications
are
hindered
by
weak
mechanical
strength
and
low
conductivity.
Herein,
we
proposed
an
innovative
strategy
fabricating
multiscale
cellulose-modified
zwitterionic
through
electrostatic
regulation.
The
employed
poly(vinyl
alcohol)
[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium
hydroxide
matrix,
where
the
dispersion-aggregation
architecture
of
anionic
carboxymethyl
cellulose
sodium
cationic
polyethylenimine-modified
nanocrystals
(PEI@CNC)
was
precisely
controlled
via
protons.
Furthermore,
were
fabricated
cyclic
freezing-thawing
process
situ
monomer
polymerization.
results
demonstrate
that
incorporation
PEI@CNC
leads
to
synergistic
enhancement
properties
ionic
tensile
conductivity
DPCC-0.25
sample
8.4
times
2.2
those
original
hydrogel,
respectively.
This
is
attributed
dynamic
hydrogen
bonding
interactions
porous
network
based
on
ionized
cellulose.
Moreover,
hysteresis
area
tests
at
100%
strain
negligible,
indicating
excellent
elasticity.
Its
strain-sensing
capability
exhibits
hysteresis-free
resistive
responses
across
1%-400%
strains
with
stable
cyclability
real-time
accuracy.
DPCC-0.25-based
sensors
effectively
monitor
human
body
movements.
In
summary,
this
study
provides
new
insights
into
regulation
polysaccharide
structures
fabrication
multifunctional
hydrogels.
Scientific Reports,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2025
Abstract
Research
on
flexible
strain
sensors
has
grown
rapidly
and
is
widely
applied
in
the
fields
of
soft
robotics,
body
motion
detection,
wearable
sensors,
health
monitoring,
sports.
In
this
study,
MXene
was
successfully
synthesized
powder
form
combined
with
multi-walled
carbon
nanotube
(MWCNT)
to
develop
MWCNT@MXene
conductive
network-based
silicone
rubber
(SR)
substrate.
Combining
MWCNTs
as
a
material
been
shown
significantly
improve
sensor
performance,
due
MXene’s
high
conductivity
properties
that
strengthen
MWCNT
pathway,
increase
sensitivity,
stability.
The
fabricated
by
sandwich
method
consisting
three
layers,
which
enables
more
accurate
reliable
detection
changes.
main
innovation
research
utilization
optimizes
performance
overcomes
limitations
previous
materials,
makes
it
effective
solution
for
long-term
applications.
Furthermore,
evaluated
test
its
through
linearity,
response
time,
durability
tests.
results
showed
exhibited
excellent
sensitivity
39.97
over
range
0-100%
linearity
(0.99)
0–50%.
also
fast
time
about
70
ms,
good
stability
during
low
(1–5%)
(20–100%)
cycle
testing
can
withstand
up
1200
loading
unloading
cycles.
addition,
effectively
detects
wide
movements,
including
finger,
wrist
knee
movements.
These
findings
show
electromechanical
are
improved
use
material,
so
these
considered
promising
applications
wearables
monitoring.
Micromachines,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
16(3), С. 330 - 330
Опубликована: Март 12, 2025
The
rapid
development
of
flexible
sensor
technology
has
made
arrays
a
key
research
area
in
various
applications
due
to
their
exceptional
flexibility,
wearability,
and
large-area-sensing
capabilities.
These
can
precisely
monitor
physical
parameters
like
pressure
strain
complex
environments,
making
them
highly
beneficial
for
sectors
such
as
smart
wearables,
robotic
tactile
sensing,
health
monitoring,
electronics.
This
paper
reviews
the
fabrication
processes,
operational
principles,
common
materials
used
sensors,
explores
application
different
materials,
outlines
two
conventional
preparation
methods.
It
also
presents
real-world
examples
large-area
arrays.
Fabrication
techniques
include
3D
printing,
screen
laser
etching,
magnetron
sputtering,
molding,
each
influencing
performance
ways.
Flexible
sensors
typically
operate
based
on
resistive
capacitive
mechanisms,
with
structural
designs
(e.g.,
sandwich
fork-finger)
affecting
integration,
recovery,
processing
complexity.
careful
selection
materials—especially
substrates,
electrodes,
sensing
materials—is
crucial
efficacy.
Despite
significant
progress
design
application,
challenges
remain,
particularly
mass
production,
wireless
real-time
data
processing,
long-term
stability.
To
improve
production
feasibility,
optimizing
reducing
material
costs,
incorporating
automated
lines
are
essential
scalability
defect
reduction.
For
enhancing
energy
efficiency
through
low-power
communication
protocols
addressing
signal
interference
stability
critical
seamless
operation.
Real-time
requires
innovative
solutions
edge
computing
machine
learning
algorithms,
ensuring
low-latency,
high-accuracy
interpretation
while
preserving
flexibility
Finally,
environmental
adaptability
demands
new
protective
coatings
withstand
harsh
conditions.
Ongoing
overcoming
these
challenges,
that
meet
needs
diverse
remaining
cost-effective
reliable.
