An advanced and applicable heat-resistant explosive through controllable regiochemical modulation

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 8(45), С. 23857 - 23865

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2020

Reducing the steric hindrance between energetic moieties through reasonable regiochemical modulation leads to an advanced heat-resistant explosive 5,5′-bis(3,5-dinitro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H,1′H-3,3′-bi(1,2,4-triazole) (BDBT-2).

Язык: Английский

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Recent Advances in Synthesis and Properties of Nitrated-Pyrazoles Based Energetic Compounds

Molecules, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 25(15), С. 3475 - 3475

Опубликована: Июль 30, 2020

Nitrated-pyrazole-based energetic compounds have attracted wide publicity in the field of materials (EMs) due to their high heat formation, density, tailored thermal stability, and detonation performance. Many nitrated-pyrazole-based been developed meet increasing demands power, low sensitivity, eco-friendly environment, they good applications explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics. Continuous growing efforts committed promote rapid development EMs last decade, especially through large amounts Chinese research. Some ultimate aims are develop potential candidates castable explore novel insensitive energy materials, search for cost synthesis strategies, efficiency, green environmental protection, further widen EMs. This review article present recent processes physical explosive performances Ems, including monopyrazoles with nitro, bispyrazoles nitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazoles, derivatives, comb trend these compounds. intends prompt fresh concepts designing prominent high-performance nitropyrazole-based

Язык: Английский

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Nitro-tetrazole based high performing explosives: Recent overview of synthesis and energetic properties

Defence Technology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 17(6), С. 1995 - 2010

Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2021

Heterocyclic skeleton (Azoles) and different energetic groups containing high performing explosives are highly emerged in recent years to meet the challenging requirements of materials both military civilian applications with improved performance. For this purpose tetrazole (Azole) is identified as an attractive heterocyclic backbone functional nitro (-NO2), nitrato (-ONO2), nitrimino (-NNO2), nitramino (–NH–NO2) replace traditionally used explosives. The based compounds having these demonstrated advanced performance (detonation velocity pressure), densities, heat formation (HOF) became a potential replacement traditional such RDX. This review presents summary recently reported nitro-tetrazole poly-nitro, di/mono-nitro, nitrato/nitramino/nitrimino, bridged/bis/di groups, describing their preparation methods, advance properties, further high-performing explosives, especially those last decade. aims provide fresh concept for designing together major challenges perspectives.

Язык: Английский

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Introduction of energetic bis-1,2,4-triazoles bridges: A strategy towards advanced heat resistant explosives

Chemical Engineering Journal, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 429, С. 132416 - 132416

Опубликована: Сен. 13, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Use of tetrazoles in catalysis and energetic applications: Recent developments

Molecular Catalysis, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 513, С. 111788 - 111788

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Polynitro-Functionalized Azopyrazole with High Performance and Low Sensitivity as Novel Energetic Materials

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(8), С. 10594 - 10604

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2022

The development of energetic materials is still facing a huge challenge because the relationship between energy and sensitivity usually contradictory: high always accompanied with low sensitivity. Here, high-energy, low-sensitivity polynitro-functionalized azopyrazole (TNAP) its salts have been synthesized. structural characterization these compounds was analyzed by elemental analysis, 1H 13C NMR spectroscopies, infrared spectroscopy. single-crystal structure K2TNAP, TNAP, 5, 6 obtained X-ray diffraction, K2TNAP novel metal-organic framework. calculated detonation properties TNAP (9040 m s-1 36.0 GPa) are superior to that RDX (8796 33.6 GPa). In addition, also has lower mechanical (IS > 40 J, FS = 244 N) higher decomposition temperature (Td 221 °C) than 7.4 120 N, Td 204 °C). These experimental results suggest may become new candidate for secondary explosives.

Язык: Английский

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2,2′-Azobis(1,5′-bitetrazole) with a N₁₀ Chain and 1,5′-Bitetrazolate-2N-oxides: Construction of Highly Energetic Nitrogen-Rich Materials Based on C–N-Linked Tetrazoles

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(35), С. 41580 - 41589

Опубликована: Авг. 23, 2023

A series of high-nitrogen compounds, including a unique molecule 2,2'-azobis(1,5'-bitetrazole) with branched N10 chain and 1,5'-bitetrazolate-2N-oxides, were synthesized successfully based on C-N-linked 1,5'-bistetrazoles using azo coupling N-amine bonds N-oxide introduction strategies. All compounds characterized by NMR spectroscopy, IR elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, in which the structures five further determined single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis (2, T-N10B, 3a, 3b, THX). The nitrogen contents these range from 63.62 (THX) to 83.43% (T-N10B), are much higher than that CL-20 (38.34%). heat formation for prepared was calculated Gaussian 09 program, T-N10B having highest value 5.13 kJ g-1, about 6 times (0.83 g-1). detonation performances EXPLO5 v6.05.04 show THX has excellent performance (D = 9581 m s-1, P 35.93 GPa) remarkable specific impulse (Isp 284.9 s).

Язык: Английский

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Enhancing Conjugation Effect to Develop Nitrogen-Rich Energetic Materials with Higher Energy and Stability

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(8), С. 10211 - 10217

Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2024

This work reports a strategy by enhancing conjugation effect and synthesizes symmetrical planar compound, 1,2-bis (4,5-di(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)diazene (NL24). The incorporation of azo 1,2,3-triazole moieties manifests synergistic effect, amplifying the bridge thereby elevating stability NL24 (Td: 263 °C, IS: 7 J). Notably, NL24, possessing structural configuration comprising four tetrazoles harboring total 24 nitrogen atoms, exhibits excellent detonation performances (ΔHf: 6.06 kJ g–1, VD: 9002 m s–1). achieves balance energy polycyclic provides direction for high-performance energetic materials.

Язык: Английский

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Preparation of novel heat-resistant and insensitive fused ring energetic materials

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Compared with traditional polycyclic-based heterocyclic energetic compounds, the synthesis of fused ring compounds is more challenging since only a few substrates meet structural requirements for cyclization reaction.

Язык: Английский

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Structure–Performance Relationship in Thermally Stable Energetic Materials: Tunable Physical Properties of Benzopyridotetraazapentalene by Incorporating Amino Groups, Hydrogen Bonding, and π–π Interactions

Crystal Growth & Design, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 20(3), С. 2106 - 2114

Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2020

Structure–performance investigation has become one of those significant trends for energetic materials and crystallography inevitably. Herein, we report two new deriving from a famous thermally stable explosive benzopyridotetraazapentalene, which was first developed by Huynh Hiskey, et al., at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Owing to the incorporation amino groups, these exhibit different amusing physical performance. Understanding their structures, properties, performances, relationship among them is basis rational design materials. Moreover, conjugated systems, density overlap regions indicator analysis also employed necessarily visualizing quantifying covalent noncovalent interactions. It evident that this strategy incorporating groups into increased coplanarity fused ring, owing contribution hydrogen bonding π–π interactions, can further decrease sensitivity. However, found integrity intramolecular -bonding interaction critical factor, affected thermal stability molecules with inserting progressively. notable diamino-substituted compound 8 exhibits comparable (320 °C) HNS, more dense (d: 1.84 g cm–3), higher nitrogen content (37.43%), lower sensitivity (impact sensitivity: 12 J, friction > 360 N), superior HNS. These discoveries effectively assist preparation other promising toward future high-performing energy applications.

Язык: Английский

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