Applied Organometallic Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
39(1)
Опубликована: Сен. 17, 2024
ABSTRACT
Copper
complexes
exhibit
promising
anticancer
properties,
which
can
be
further
promoted
by
suitable
ligands.
In
this
study,
we
synthesized
and
investigated
the
effects
of
three
copper(I)
with
N‐heterocyclic
carbene
(NHC)
ligands
derived
from
phenanthroline‐functionalized
imidazole
salts.
The
synthesis
these
NHC‐copper(I)
(
Cu1
‐
Cu3
)
was
meticulously
characterized
using
NMR
elemental
analysis;
their
crystal
structures
were
delineated
X‐ray
diffraction.
Our
findings
illustrate
unique
geometric
configurations
complexes:
features
a
dinuclear
arrangement
off‐linear
geometry;
Cu2
are
bi‐copper
core
stabilized
two
phenanthroline‐modified
Crucially,
in
vitro
cytotoxic
evaluations
revealed
that
possess
suitability
activity.
Among
them,
exhibited
enhanced
cytotoxicity
activity,
achieving
half‐maximal
inhibitory
concentration
(IC
50
4.36
±
0.25
μM
colon
cancer
cell
line
HCT‐116,
markedly
surpassing
efficacy
cisplatin.
Subsequent
investigations
elucidated
notably
increases
intracellular
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
levels
induces
mitochondrial
membrane
depolarization
endoplasmic
reticulum
stress,
leading
to
oxidative
stress‐mediated
apoptosis
cells.
Anticipating
intramolecular
excited-state
proton-coupled
electron
transfer
(PCET)
process
within
dinuclear
Ir2-photocatalytic
system
via
the
covalent
linkage
is
seminal,
yet
challenging.
Indeed,
development
of
various
complexes
also
promising
for
studying
integral
photophysics
and
facilitating
applications
in
catalysis
or
biology.
Herein,
this
study
reports
[Ir2(bis{imidazo-phenanthrolin-2-yl}-hydroquinone)(ppy)4]2+
(12+)
complex
by
leveraging
both
ligand-centered
redox
property
H-bonding
exploring
dual
proton-transfer
assisted
PCET
process.
The
vital
role
covalently
placed
hydroquinone
bridged
ligand
investigated
as
electron-proton
(ET-PT)
mediator
validated
from
triplet
spin
density
plot.
Moreover,
bimolecular
photoinduced
ET
reaction
studied
acetonitrile/water
medium,
forging
lowest
energy
charge
separated
(3CSPhen-Im)
state
12+
with
methyl
viologen
favorably
concerted-PCET
pathway.
result
indicates
strong
donor-acceptors
coupling,
which
limits
recombination
enhances
catalytic
efficiency.
To
showcase
potential
application,
bioinspired
PCET-based
photocatalytic
platform
phototherapeutics,
indicating
significant
mitochondrial
localization
leading
to
programmed
cell
death
(apoptosis)
through
futile
cycling.
consequences
effective
internalization
(via
energy-dependent
endocytosis),
better
safety
profile,
higher
antiproliferative
activity
compared
Cisplatin,
explored
3D
tumor
spheroids,
anticipates
it
be
a
lead
compound.
Molecules,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
29(10), С. 2321 - 2321
Опубликована: Май 15, 2024
This
review
presents
an
overview
of
the
biological
applications
coordinative
compounds
based
on
unsaturated
carboxylates
accompanied
by
other
ligands,
usually
N-based
heterocyclic
species.
The
interest
in
these
arises
from
valuable
antimicrobial
and
antitumor
activities
evidenced
some
species,
as
well
their
ability
to
generate
metal-containing
polymers
suitable
for
various
medical
purposes.
Therefore,
we
describe
recently
discovered
aspects
related
synthesis,
structure,
activity
a
wide
range
carboxylate-containing
species
metal
ions,
originating
mostly
3d
series.
encountered
are
acrylate,
methacrylate,
fumarate,
maleate,
cinnamate,
ferulate,
coumarate,
itaconate.
Regarding
properties
investigated
compounds,
it
is
worth
mentioning
good
inhibit
development
resistant
strains
or
microbial
biofilms
inert
surfaces
or,
even
more,
exert
against
cells.
intercalate
into
DNA
strands
scavenge
ROS
also
addressed.
Applied Organometallic Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
39(1)
Опубликована: Сен. 17, 2024
ABSTRACT
Copper
complexes
exhibit
promising
anticancer
properties,
which
can
be
further
promoted
by
suitable
ligands.
In
this
study,
we
synthesized
and
investigated
the
effects
of
three
copper(I)
with
N‐heterocyclic
carbene
(NHC)
ligands
derived
from
phenanthroline‐functionalized
imidazole
salts.
The
synthesis
these
NHC‐copper(I)
(
Cu1
‐
Cu3
)
was
meticulously
characterized
using
NMR
elemental
analysis;
their
crystal
structures
were
delineated
X‐ray
diffraction.
Our
findings
illustrate
unique
geometric
configurations
complexes:
features
a
dinuclear
arrangement
off‐linear
geometry;
Cu2
are
bi‐copper
core
stabilized
two
phenanthroline‐modified
Crucially,
in
vitro
cytotoxic
evaluations
revealed
that
possess
suitability
activity.
Among
them,
exhibited
enhanced
cytotoxicity
activity,
achieving
half‐maximal
inhibitory
concentration
(IC
50
4.36
±
0.25
μM
colon
cancer
cell
line
HCT‐116,
markedly
surpassing
efficacy
cisplatin.
Subsequent
investigations
elucidated
notably
increases
intracellular
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
levels
induces
mitochondrial
membrane
depolarization
endoplasmic
reticulum
stress,
leading
to
oxidative
stress‐mediated
apoptosis
cells.
