Acta Biomaterialia, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2024
Язык: Английский
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(9), С. 5037 - 5037
Опубликована: Май 5, 2024
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are vital components of the innate immune system, serving as first line defense against pathogens by recognizing a wide array molecular patterns. This review summarizes critical roles TLRs in surveillance and disease pathogenesis, focusing on their structure, signaling pathways, implications various disorders. We discuss intricacies TLRs, including ligand specificity, cascades, functional consequences activation. The involvement infectious diseases, autoimmunity, chronic inflammation, cancer is explored, highlighting potential therapeutic targets. also examine recent advancements TLR research, such development specific agonists antagonists, application immunotherapy vaccine development. Furthermore, we address challenges controversies surrounding research outline future directions, integration computational modeling personalized medicine approaches. In conclusion, represent promising frontier medical with to significantly impact novel strategies for range diseases.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
21
Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2025
Abstract Cancer immunotherapy, which leverages immune system components to treat malignancies, has emerged as a cornerstone of contemporary therapeutic strategies. Yet, critical concerns about the efficacy and safety cancer immunotherapies remain formidable. Nanotechnology, especially polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs), offers unparalleled flexibility in manipulation‐from chemical composition physical properties precision control nanoassemblies. PNPs provide an optimal platform amplify potency minimize systematic toxicity broad spectrum immunotherapeutic modalities. In this comprehensive review, basics polymer chemistry, state‐of‐the‐art designs from physicochemical standpoint for encompassing vaccines, situ vaccination, adoptive T‐cell therapies, tumor‐infiltrating cell‐targeted antibodies, cytokine therapies are delineated. Each immunotherapy necessitates distinctively tailored design strategies nanoplatforms. The extensive applications PNPs, investigation their mechanisms action enhanced particularly focused on. profiles clinical research progress discussed. Additionally, forthcoming developments emergent trends nano‐immunotherapeutics poised transform treatment paradigms into clinics explored.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
6
Small, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Март 13, 2025
Abstract Nanovaccines, as a new generation of vaccines, have garnered significant interest due to their exceptional potential in enhancing disease prevention and treatment. Their unique features, such high stability, antigens protection, prolonged retention, targeted delivery lymph nodes, immune cells, tumors, set them apart promising candidates the field immunotherapy. Polymers, with superior degradability, capacity mimic pathogen characteristics, surface functionality that facilitates modifications, serve ideal carriers for vaccine components. Polymer‐based self‐adjuvanted nanovaccines remarkable ability augment responses. The inherent adjuvant‐like properties polymers themselves offer pathway toward more efficient exploitation nanomaterials optimization nanovaccines. This review article aims summarize categorization elucidate mechanisms action adjuvants. Additionally, it delves into advantages limitations polymer‐based management prevention, providing valuable insights design application. comprehensive analysis could contribute development effective tailored wide range diseases.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
3
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 285, С. 117274 - 117274
Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2025
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
Nanomaterials, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(2), С. 122 - 122
Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2025
Nano-oncologic vaccines represent a groundbreaking approach in the field of cancer immunotherapy, leveraging unique advantages nanotechnology to enhance effectiveness and specificity treatments. These utilize nanoscale carriers deliver tumor-associated antigens immunostimulatory adjuvants, facilitating targeted immune activation promoting robust antitumor responses. By improving antigen presentation localizing within tumor microenvironment, nano-oncologic can significantly increase efficacy particularly when combined with other treatment modalities. This review highlights mechanisms through which operate, their potential overcome existing limitations treatment, ongoing advancements design. Additionally, it discusses delivery approach, such as EPR effects, pH response, ultrasonic magnetic response. The combination therapy effects photothermal therapy, radiotherapy, or checkpoint inhibitors are also discussed. Overall, hold great promise for changing landscape advancing personalized medicine, paving way more effective therapeutic strategies tailored individual patient needs.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
ACS Nano, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Март 2, 2025
Rabies, caused by rabies virus (RABV), is a zoonotic disease with high mortality rate that has attracted global attention the goal of eradication 2030. However, can only be prevented appropriate and multiple vaccinations, which impede widespread vaccination in developing countries due to its expenditure. Designing single-dose vaccines pressing challenge prevention other infectious diseases. Herein, metal-phenolic network (MPN)-based hydrogel vaccine (designated as CGMR) was developed stimulate potent humoral immunity against RABV infection single immunization, resulting 4.3-fold 1.8-fold enhancements virus-neutralizing antibody compared induced inactivated alum adjuvant. The CGMR, cross-linked phenol-modified chitosan manganese ion, could prolong residence time confining antigen hydrogel, acting "hydrogel depot". It also stimulated activation cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS)-stimulator interferon gene (STING) pathway, facilitating dendritic cell maturation presentation. formulation recruited immunocytes activated germinal center, enhancing sustaining immune responses virulent challenge. Collectively, this injectable manganese-based provides universal ideal avenue for
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 310, С. 143268 - 143268
Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2025
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
ACS Nano, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Апрель 23, 2025
Over the past 3 years, SARS-CoV-2 Omicron has been circulating globally with emergence of multiple subvariants, including BA.5, BA.5.2, XBB, XBB.1, EG.5.1, HK.3, BA.2.86, JN.1, and KP.2. To combat these several vaccines based on receptor-binding domain (RBD) dimers have developed; however, RBD dimer require frequent updates to cope new variants. In contrast, development a safe, effective, broad-spectrum vaccine against latest JN.1 KP.2, would be one-size-fits-all solution. Here, we designed BA.4/5 RBD-PC7A conjugate micelles by displaying in PC7A micelles. Remarkably, elicited potent neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) rabbits, effectively XBB.1.18, HK.3 infections. Moreover, alone were able induce NAbs mice BA.5 variant. When cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) adjuvant was added electrostatically adsorbed micelles, there significant increase antibody titers IgG1, IgG2b, IgG2c. This enhancement facilitated broad neutralization various strains, Furthermore, CpG protected golden hamsters from infection BA.5.2 strain. study presents broadly nanovaccine that includes antigen adjuvant. It demonstrates efficacy highlighting its potential for clinical translation.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
Frontiers in Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16
Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2025
The flavonoids found in Epimedium exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities, with their immunostimulatory effects emerging as significant area research recent years. However, the underlying mechanism activity remains unclear. To investigate and elucidate specific mechanisms both vitro vivo. from were evaluated using variety techniques, including cell viability assays, flow cytometry, real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), molecular docking, plasmid recombination transformation, recombinant protein expression, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), NF-κB/SEAP assays. immune response animal experiments, compared traditional adjuvants, utilizing biochemical analysis cytometry. flavonoids, primarily composed icaritin, icariin I II, observed to significantly enhance expression co-stimulatory molecules (CD40, CD80, CD86) major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I, MHC-II) bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, production chemokines pro-inflammatory cytokines was increased In vivo, findings demonstrated that vaccine adjuvant containing serum concentration total OVA-specific IgG control group. SPR revealed II exhibited highest binding TLR7, while showed strongest interactions TLR8 protein, even surpassing positive drug, Resiquimod. further confirmed I, enhanced NF-κB stimulated SEAP secretion through TLR7/8 activation.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
Molecular Pharmaceutics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Май 19, 2025
Protein-based vaccines are gaining attention as a promising platform for because they highly safe and induce humoral cellular immunity. However, antigenic proteins have the disadvantages of low cell membrane permeability easy degradability by endo/lysosomes. Therefore, development carriers that can overcome these challenges is essential. We recently developed supramolecular carrier intracellular delivery genome-editing molecules using cyclodextrin-based aminated polyrotaxanes (amino-PRX). The amino-PRX deformed its structure in response to complicated shape charge distribution molecule, forming complex with high efficiency. Moreover, optimizing structure, second-generation (2G) possessing endosomal escape ability was constructed. Considering 2G deformability, it applicable could be an excellent antigen carrier. here, we aimed evaluate utility protein-based cancer vaccine results showed formed complexes efficiently. In addition, 2G/antigenic protein activated immune cells efficiency exhibited antitumor effects. These suggest
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0