Waste Management, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 169, С. 253 - 266
Опубликована: Июль 21, 2023
Язык: Английский
ACS Catalysis, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(8), С. 4659 - 4679
Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2022
Plastics are indispensable, but their pollution is triggering a global environmental crisis. Although many end-of-life catalytic options have involved converting plastics into valuable products, deep understanding of the relationship between polymer structure and recycling performance significant urgently needed. Here, we start with primer polymeric chain structures on chemical discuss structure–performance polymer, catalyst, reaction. Specifically, development challenges re/upcycling waste PET polyolefins discussed in-depth. In addition, also present some prospects for innovations in catalyst synthesis reaction engineering basis relationship. The discussion ends brief perspective future plastic re/upcycling. Overall, intelligent catalysis design necessary incentivizing relieving burden plastics.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
221
Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9, С. 100673 - 100673
Опубликована: Фев. 23, 2024
It is difficult to reuse wastes from polymers due the mismatch between amount of contaminants and secondary quality feed. This type operation much more expensive cost-effective than production polymer raw materials latest materials. However, recyclable beneficial if used extensively in various concrete products wood-polymer boards. done only cleaning sorting are not particularly important for products. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) a widely industries its excellent physical chemical properties. Besides, increasing use PET has led global crisis waste management, as improper disposal caused significant environmental damage. major source accumulated landfills, address this issue, recycling methods have evolved. In regard, present review examines techniques involved PET. Conventional influence diverse depolymerization reaction variables were discussed, upsides downsides each technique considered. The summarizes advances technologies plastic waste, focusing on bio-recycling PET, aiming sustainable, economical solutions circular economy.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
97
Polymer Engineering and Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 63(9), С. 2651 - 2674
Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2023
Abstract Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is used in textile and packaging industries. The main source of PET production fossil fuels with limited capacity. Also, products are single use that transform into high volumes wastes, causing ecosystem problems. Recycling proposed to confront this challenge. four major recycling techniques mechanical, chemical, pyrolysis, enzymatic. Mechanical, enzymatic have constrained capabilities manage waste. Chemical the potential path expanding waste possibility upcycling addressing dirty streams. Several chemical methods introduced discussed literature. five glycolysis, alcoholysis, aminolysis, ammonolysis, hydrolysis. This review describes depolymerization via these introduces hydrolysis as one can depolymerize an organic‐free solvent environment. Hydrolysis tolerates mixed wastes streams including copolymers. It helps avoid challenges attributed using organic solvents reaction systems. Moreover, produces terephthalic acid, monomer, which has recently gained attention initiative monomer for production. focuses on three forms hydrolysis—alkaline, neutral, by presenting background studies, issued patents, recent trends application
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
71
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(10), С. 4209 - 4218
Опубликована: Фев. 23, 2023
The growing amount of plastic waste endangers the environment. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is among most widespread plastics due to its extensive use in fibers and packaging. Recently, chemical recycling upcycling approaches have been proposed produce valuable products from bale PET feedstocks. This work performs techno-economic analysis life cycle assessment evaluate environmental economic performances various technologies, including electrification via microwaves over a heterogeneous catalyst. We demonstrate that using microwave-assisted glycolysis process bis(2-hydroxyethyl) (BHET) could lower production costs emissions than traditional dimethyl (DMT) route high reactivity excellent reusability fast reaction rate selectivity render this ideal for handling spatially distributed effectively.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
48
Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 124(16), С. 9457 - 9579
Опубликована: Авг. 16, 2024
The large production volumes of commodity polyolefins (specifically, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and poly(vinyl chloride)), in conjunction with their low unit values multitude short-term uses, have resulted a significant pressing waste management challenge. Only small fraction these is currently mechanically recycled, the rest being incinerated, accumulating landfills, or leaking into natural environment. Since are energy-rich materials, there considerable interest recouping some chemical value while simultaneously motivating more responsible end-of-life management. An emerging strategy catalytic depolymerization, which portion C-C bonds polyolefin backbone broken assistance catalyst and, cases, additional molecule reagents. When products molecules materials higher own right, as feedstocks, process called upcycling. This review summarizes recent progress for four major upcycling strategies: hydrogenolysis, (hydro)cracking, tandem processes involving metathesis, selective oxidation. Key considerations include macromolecular reaction mechanisms relative to mechanisms, design transformations, effect conditions on product selectivity. Metrics describing critically evaluated, an outlook future advances described.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
29
Coordination Chemistry Reviews, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 533, С. 216534 - 216534
Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2025
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
6
Green Chemistry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 24(21), С. 8447 - 8459
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022
Functionalized silica gels were applied as heterogeneous organocatalysts in PET glycolysis, and recycled by filtration while preserving high monomer yields over five cycles.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
57
Resources Conservation and Recycling, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 188, С. 106668 - 106668
Опубликована: Сен. 26, 2022
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
46
Resources Environment and Sustainability, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14, С. 100134 - 100134
Опубликована: Авг. 6, 2023
Commodity plastics such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and terephthalate (PET) are some of the common plastic wastes found in municipal wastes. Lack technology, resources, coherent programs, policies, mismanagement incomplete processing these plastics, results mostly endinf up landfills. Adopting a qualitative research approach, paper reviewed PE, PP PET recycling waste management processes from selected developed developing countries. It was that chemical terms catalytic cracking followed by pyrolysis technologies more suitable for producing higher liquid oils whiles gasification improves fuel gas yield. Given mechanical requires less capital it is option products In cases where there complex separation issues, incineration energy recovery appropriate but should be used with end-of-pipe treatment solutions to mitigate against environmental impact incineration. The further highlights various opportunities challenges involved pathway, yields obtained each technique adaptation can made.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
32
RSC Sustainability, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 1(9), С. 2135 - 2147
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023
This review has focused on the concept of upcycling, which involves utilizing PET waste as a raw material for production value-added products such monomers, fine chemicals, hydrogen, or carbon materials.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
26