ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 21, 2025

Multifunctional hydrogels have garnered significant interest but remain challenging due to the complex preparation process and high cost of raw materials. Herein, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) poly(ethylene glycol) (PEGDGE) were reacted with 3-amino-1-propanol via a catalyst-free amine–epoxy "click" chemistry, followed by addition hydrophilic 1,3-propane sultone (1,3-PS) higher water content, then cross-linked hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) in one-pot provide polymer network, i.e., PBAxPEGyPU–PS. The two-step cross-linking method enables greater precision controlling density process. situ microphase-separated porous PBA50PEG50PU–PS demonstrates nanosized pores approximately 100 nm uniform distribution thermodynamic incompatibility, enabling superior mechanical properties transparency 87.9%. Upon absorption loss cycle, 89.7% was obtained lower pore 50 solvent-induced self-assembly its amphiphilic structure. Furthermore, bilayer hydrogel composed WPBA90PEG10PU–PS WPBA50PEG50PU–PS designed for "Janus" soft actuator based on difference between two sides swelling ability upon absorption, which has been applied underwater grasping humidity-responsive switch. To maintain inherent elasticity conductivity hydrogel, glycerol (Gly) sodium ion (Na+) introduced into mixture. It shows that WPBA50PEG50PU–PS/Gly67 maintains environmental stability more than 80% weight at 20 °C 72 h additional frost resistance −20 °C, dual network WPBA50PEG50PU–PS/Gly67/Na10 exhibits best comprehensive tensile strength good conductivity. Meanwhile, 1,3-PS provides quaternary ammonium salt sulfobetaine, endowing multicomponent antibacterial sensing capabilities. This work versatile approach preparing transparent multifunctional highlights their potential various applications.

Язык: Английский