Sustainable Strong Adhesive from Fully Biobased Itaconate Polyester and Brewer’s Spent Grain via Molar Ratio Optimization
ACS Applied Engineering Materials,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Март 7, 2025
Язык: Английский
Practical Pyrogallol‐Derived Epoxy Resins via Low‐Temperature Two‐Step Synthesis: Unlocking High Efficiency and Thermal Stability for Sustainable Application
Journal of Applied Polymer Science,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Март 19, 2025
ABSTRACT
As
the
depletion
of
fossil
resources
drives
demand
for
sustainable
alternatives,
bio‐based
epoxy
resins
(EP)
face
a
critical
challenge
in
balancing
processability
and
mechanical
performance.
This
study
presents
novel
low‐viscosity
EP,
c‐E3PG,
synthesized
from
renewable
pyrogallol
via
two‐step
low‐temperature
method.
By
optimizing
reaction
conditions,
c‐E3PG
achieves
high
yield
(65.8%)
target
compound
E3PG
(pyrogallol
triglycidyl
ether)
with
minimal
byproducts,
exhibiting
viscosity
1500
cps
at
25°C—significantly
lower
than
conventional
petroleum‐based
resins.
Curing
kinetics
analysis
reveals
low
activation
energy
(70
kJ/mol),
enabling
efficient
crosslinking,
while
cured
resin
demonstrates
glass
transition
temperature
(
T
g
)
145°C,
storage
modulus
E′
2900
MPa,
exceptional
electrical
insulation
properties
(breakdown
strength:
142.41
kV/mm;
volume
resistivity:
11.0
×
10
15
Ω·cm).
These
results
highlight
c‐E3PG's
dual
advantages
ease
processing
robust
thermomechanical
performance,
positioning
it
as
scalable,
eco‐friendly
alternative
high‐temperature
packaging
applications.
Язык: Английский
Synthesis of Dehydrated Ricinoleic Acid/Maleic Anhydride Adduct Based on Diels‐Alder Reaction: Characteristics and its Application in Pressure‐Sensitive Adhesive
ChemistrySelect,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
10(13)
Опубликована: Март 31, 2025
Abstract
Dehydrated
ricinoleic
acid
(DRA)/maleic
anhydride
(MA)
adducts
were
prepared
through
the
Diels‐Alder
(DA)
reaction
and
then
applied
for
preparation
of
pressure‐sensitive
adhesives
(PSAs).
The
parameters
DRA/MA
adduct
optimized
by
investigating
effects
molar
ratio,
temperature,
time
on
adduction
degree
with
value
(AV)
as
evaluation
index.
Results
showed
that
optimal
ratio
MA
DRA
at
1.2:
1,
temperature
120
°C,
1.5
h,
under
which
AV
reached
up
to
298.7
mg
KOH/g.
from
Fourier
transform
infrared
spectroscopy,
mass
spectrometry,
nuclear
magnetic
resonance
spectrum
DA
effectively
occurred
between
conjugated
diene
MA.
rheology
differential
scanning
calorimetry
a
higher
viscosity
glass
transition
than
due
introduction
Thermogravimetric
analysis
had
good
thermal
stability.
Compared
epoxidized
linseed
oils‐based
PSA
(peel
strength
0.217
N/cm
loop
tack
0.390
N),
copolymerized
oils
adhesion
0.309–1.813
0.713–7.490
N)
was
crosslinked
mainly
polyesterifications.
Язык: Английский