A review of technological advances and open challenges for oil and gas drilling systems engineering

AIChE Journal, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 66(4)

Опубликована: Окт. 18, 2019

Abstract The ever‐increasing quest to identify, secure, access, and operate oil gas fields is continuously expanding the far corners of planet, facing extreme conditions toward exploring, securing, deriving maximum fluid benefits from established unconventional fossil fuel sources alike: this end, unprecedented geological, climatic, technical, operational challenges have necessitated development revolutionary drilling production methods. This review paper focuses on a technological field great importance formidable technical complexity—that well for production. A vastly body literature addresses design operation problems with remarkable success: what even more interesting that many recent contributions rely multidisciplinary approaches reusable Process Systems Engineering (PSE) methodologies—a drastic departure ad hoc/one‐use tools methods past. specific goals are first state‐of‐art in active within engineering explore currently pressing problems, which dire need or recently found, PSE‐ and/or computational dynamics‐relevant solutions. Then, we illustrate methodological versatility novel PSE‐based optimization control, an emphasis contemporary problems. Finally, highlight current opportunities truly innovative research contributions, require combination best‐in‐class software elements order deliver applicable solutions industrial importance.

Язык: Английский

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Simulation of the Landfall of the Deepwater Horizon Oil on the Shorelines of the Gulf of Mexico

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 48(16), С. 9496 - 9505

Опубликована: Июль 28, 2014

We conducted simulations of oil transport from the footprint Macondo Well on water surface throughout Gulf Mexico, including deposition shorelines. used U.S. National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) model General NOAA Operational Modeling Environment (GNOME) and same parameter values input adopted by following Deepwater Horizon (DWH) blowout. found that disappearance rate off was most likely around 20% per day based satellite-based observations detected sea after DWH wellhead capped. The mass estimates suggest reached shorelines between 10,000 30,000 tons, with an expected value 22,000 tons. More than 90% occurred Louisiana shorelines, it in two batches. Simulations revealed capping well 2 weeks would have resulted only 30% total depositing while 3 60% deposition. Additional delay averted little additional shoreline oiling over ensuing 4 weeks.

Язык: Английский

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Coastal Ocean Forecasting: science foundation and user benefits

Journal of Operational Oceanography, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 8(sup1), С. s147 - s167

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2015

The advancement of Coastal Ocean Forecasting Systems (COFS) requires the support continuous scientific progress addressing: (a) primary mechanisms driving coastal circulation; (b) methods to achieve fully integrated systems (observations and models), that are dynamically embedded in larger scale systems; (c) adequately represent air-sea biophysical interactions. Issues downscaling, data assimilation, atmosphere-wave-ocean couplings ecosystem dynamics ocean discussed. These science topics fundamental for successful COFS, which connected evolving downstream applications, dictated by socioeconomic needs rapidly increasing populations.

Язык: Английский

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The Critical Importance of Rhodoliths in the Life Cycle Completion of Both Macro- and Microalgae, and as Holobionts for the Establishment and Maintenance of Marine Biodiversity

Frontiers in Marine Science, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 5

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2019

Rhodoliths are the main hard substrata for attachment of benthic macroalgae in NW Gulf Mexico rubble habitats that associated with salt domes, unique deep bank at ~50-90m depth on continental shelf offshore Louisiana and Texas. With advent additional sequencing technologies, methodologies biodiversity assessments now rapidly shifting to DNA metabarcoding, i.e. High Throughput Sequencing (HTS) environmental mixtures standardized molecular markers, such as 16S V4, rapid, cost-effective measurement. We newly tested V4 metabarcoding endolithic portions mesophtic rhodoliths exhibiting low phototroph colonization revealed a hidden, cryptic algal diversity targeting spores, propagules, unsuspected life history stages. explored cryo-SEM potentially more informative method than regular SEM minimize artefacts sample preparation study cell inclusions which brought light suite microalgal were able differentiate floridean starch from cellular inclusions. effect anatomical growth pattern presence or absence biogenic rhodoliths. Analyses combined metabarcodes Sanger sequences two red orders, Halymeniales Bonnemaisoniales, increased established record region. view marine hotspots may function seedbanks, temporary reservoirs stages ecologically important eukaryotic microalgae, refugia ecosystem resilience following stress.

Язык: Английский

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Bridging the lab to field divide: Advancing oil spill biological effects models requires revisiting aquatic toxicity testing

Aquatic Toxicology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 256, С. 106389 - 106389

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2023

Oil fate and exposure modeling addresses the complexities of oil composition, weathering, partitioning in environment, distributions behaviors aquatic biota to estimate histories, i.e., component concentrations environmental conditions experienced over time. Several approaches with increasing levels complexity (i.e., toxicity model tiers, corresponding varying purposes applications) have been continue be developed predict adverse effects resulting from these exposures. At Tiers 1 2, toxicity-based screening thresholds for assumed representative compositions are used inform spill response risk evaluations, requiring limited data, analytical characterizations, computer resources. Concentration-response relationships employed Tier 3 quantify mixture compositions. capabilities presently allow predictions spatial temporal compositional changes during exposure, which support mixture-based frameworks. Such rely on summed components using toxic units enable more realistic analyses (Tier 4). This review provides guidance toxicological studies development of, provide input to, validate 4 models assessing biota. Evaluation organisms’ histories a unit reflects current state-of the-science an improved approach quantifying constituents organisms. Since tests not field exposures, modelers single compounds build accounting additive dynamic exposures that occur after spills. Single compound data needed influence duration modifying factors (e.g., temperature, light) observed advancing use this framework. Well-characterized whole bioassay should refine models.

Язык: Английский

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