Recent advances in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis

Chemical Society Reviews, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 52(16), С. 5652 - 5683

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

This review scrutinizes recent progress in PEMWE system including mechanisms, the correlation among structure-composition–performance, manufacturing, design and operation protocols. The challenges perspectives for applications are proposed.

Язык: Английский

---

Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Overall and Hybrid Water Splitting

Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 124(7), С. 3694 - 3812

Опубликована: Март 22, 2024

Electrocatalytic water splitting driven by renewable electricity has been recognized as a promising approach for green hydrogen production. Different from conventional strategies in developing electrocatalysts the two half-reactions of (e.g., and oxygen evolution reactions, HER OER) separately, there growing interest designing bifunctional electrocatalysts, which are able to catalyze both OER. In addition, considering high overpotentials required OER while limited value produced oxygen, is another rapidly exploring alternative oxidation reactions replace hybrid toward energy-efficient generation. This Review begins with an introduction on fundamental aspects splitting, followed thorough discussion various physicochemical characterization techniques that frequently employed probing active sites, emphasis reconstruction during redox electrolysis. The design, synthesis, performance diverse based noble metals, nonprecious metal-free nanocarbons, overall acidic alkaline electrolytes, thoroughly summarized compared. Next, their application also presented, wherein anodic include sacrificing agents oxidation, pollutants oxidative degradation, organics upgrading. Finally, concise statement current challenges future opportunities presented hope guiding endeavors quest sustainable

Язык: Английский

---

Customized reaction route for ruthenium oxide towards stabilized water oxidation in high-performance PEM electrolyzers

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2023

The poor stability of Ru-based acidic oxygen evolution (OER) electrocatalysts has greatly hampered their application in polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzers (PEMWEs). Traditional understanding performance degradation centered on influence bias fails describing the trend, calling for deep dive into essential origin inactivation. Here we uncover decisive role reaction route (including catalytic mechanism and intermediates binding strength) operational catalysts. Using MRuOx (M = Ce4+, Sn4+, Ru4+, Cr4+) solid solution as structure model, find route, thereby stability, can be customized by controlling Ru charge. screened SnRuOx thus exhibits orders magnitude lifespan extension. A scalable PEMWE single cell using anode conveys an ever-smallest rate 53 μV h-1 during a 1300 h operation at 1 cm-2.

Язык: Английский

---

Interfacial sp C–O–Mo Hybridization Originated High-Current Density Hydrogen Evolution

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 143(23), С. 8720 - 8730

Опубликована: Июнь 8, 2021

High-current density (≥1 A cm–2) is a critical factor for large-scale industrial application of water-splitting electrocatalysts, especially seawater-splitting. However, it still remains great challenge to reach high-current due the lack active and stable intrinsic catalytic sites in catalysts. Herein, we report an original three-dimensional self-supporting graphdiyne/molybdenum oxide (GDY/MoO3) material efficient hydrogen evolution reaction via rational design "sp C–O–Mo hybridization" on interface. The creates new (nonoxygen vacancy sites) increases amount (eight times higher than pure MoO3). facilitates charge transfer boosts dissociation process H2O molecules, leading outstanding HER activity with (>1.2 alkaline electrolyte decent stability natural seawater. Our results show that electrocatalysts can be achieved by interfacial chemical bond engineering, structure design, hydrophilicity optimization.

Язык: Английский

---

Rational Design of Transition Metal Phosphide‐Based Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution

Advanced Functional Materials, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 33(7)

Опубликована: Дек. 9, 2022

Abstract Developing efficient and inexpensive electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is critical to commercial viability of electrochemical clean energy technologies. Transition metal phosphides (TMPs), with merits abundant reserves, unique structure, tunable composition, high electronic conductivity, are recognized as attractive HER catalytic materials. Nevertheless, electrocatalytic activity TMPs still limited by various thorough issues inherent performance bottlenecks. In this review, these carefully sorted, corresponding reasonable explanations solutions elucidated on basis origins TMPs. Subsequently, highly targeted multiscale strategies improve comprehensively presented. Additionally, scientific constructing high‐efficiency TMP‐based proposed. Finally, process, mechanism research, catalyst construction, their application expansion mentioned challenges future directions research field. Expectedly, review offers professional guidelines rational design practical catalysts.

Язык: Английский

---

A pyrolysis-free Ni/Fe bimetallic electrocatalyst for overall water splitting

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Март 31, 2023

Catalysts capable of electrochemical overall water splitting in acidic, neutral, and alkaline solution are important materials. This work develops bifunctional catalysts with single atom active sites through a pyrolysis-free route. Starting conjugated framework containing Fe sites, the addition Ni atoms is used to weaken adsorption electrochemically generated intermediates, thus leading more optimized energy level sand enhanced catalytic performance. The synthesis also ensured formation well-defined within structure, providing ideal platforms understand processes. as-prepared catalyst exhibits efficient capability for both acidic electrolytes. At current density 10 mA cm-2, overpotential hydrogen evolution oxygen 23/201 mV 42/194 0.5 M H2SO4 1 KOH, respectively. Our not only route towards applicable across wide range pH values, it provides successful showcase model in-depth mechanistic insight into splitting.

Язык: Английский

---

Strain Engineering in Electrocatalysts: Fundamentals, Progress, and Perspectives

Advanced Energy Materials, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(5)

Опубликована: Дек. 22, 2021

Abstract Strain engineering of nanomaterials, namely, designing, tuning, or controlling surface strains nanomaterials is an effective strategy to achieve outstanding performance in different for their various applications. This article summarizes recent progress and achievements the development strain‐rich electrocatalysts (SREs) applications field electrochemical energy conversion technologies. It starts from definition lattice strains, followed by classification where mechanisms strain formation reported methods regulate related are elaborated. The SRE characterization techniques overviewed, focusing deeply on clarification strain‐property relationship these SREs. Their electrocatalytic reactions further highlighted, including hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction alcohol oxidation carbon dioxide nitrogen reaction. Related reaction SREs interpreted after taking catalytic performance, as well between properties into account. challenges future opportunities finally outlined discussed together with potential fields.

Язык: Английский

---

Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Acidic Media

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 35(22)

Опубликована: Дек. 15, 2022

Abstract The well‐established proton exchange membrane (PEM)‐based water electrolysis, which operates under acidic conditions, possesses many advantages compared to alkaline such as compact design, higher voltage efficiency, and gas purity. However, PEM‐based electrolysis is hampered by the low instability, high cost of anodic electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this review, recently reported OER are comprehensively summarized, classified, discussed. related fundamental studies on mechanisms relationship between activity stability particularly highlighted in order provide an atomistic‐level understanding catalysis. A test protocol suggested evaluate intrinsic degradation. Some current challenges unresolved questions, usage carbon‐based materials differences electrocatalyst performances electrolytes electrolyzers also Finally, suggestions most promising a perspective future research outlined. This review presents fresh impetus guideline rational design synthesis high‐performance electrolysis.

Язык: Английский

---

Engineering Water Molecules Activation Center on Multisite Electrocatalysts for Enhanced CO₂ Methanation

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 144(28), С. 12807 - 12815

Опубликована: Июль 5, 2022

The renewable energy-powered electrolytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to methane (CH4) using water as a reaction medium is one the most promising paths store intermittent energy and address global sustainability problems. However, role in electrolyte often overlooked. In particular, slow dissociation kinetics limits proton-feeding rate, which severely damages selectivity activity methanation process involving multiple electrons protons transfer. Here, we present novel tandem catalyst comprising Ir single-atom (Ir1)-doped hybrid Cu3N/Cu2O multisite that operates efficiently converting CO2 CH4. Experimental theoretical calculation results reveal Ir1 facilitates into proton feeds sites for *CO protonation pathway toward *CHO. displays high Faradaic efficiency 75% CH4 with current density 320 mA cm-2 flow cell. This work provides strategy rational design high-efficiency catalytic systems.

Язык: Английский

---

Lattice‐Confined Ir Clusters on Pd Nanosheets with Charge Redistribution for the Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction under Alkaline Conditions

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 33(43)

Опубликована: Сен. 21, 2021

Electrocatalysts with high activity and long-term stability for the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) under alkaline conditions is still a major challenge anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). Herein, heterostructured Ir@Pd electrocatalyst ultrasmall Ir nanoclusters (NCs) epitaxially confined on Pd nanosheets (NSs) catalyzing sluggish HOR reported. Apparent charge redistribution occurs across heterointerface, both experimental theoretical results suggest that electrons transfer from to Ir, which consequently greatly weakens binding Pd. More interestingly, interfacial epitaxy in formation of Ir/IrO2 Janus nanostructures, where partially oxidized species away interface further optimize hydroxyl adsorption behavior. The unique heterostructure eventually shows an optimal balance between adsorption, hence exhibits impressive current density up 7.18 mA cm-2 0.1 m KOH solution. In addition, negligible degradation owing confinement effect epitaxial interface.

Язык: Английский

---