An organic electrochemical transistor for multi-modal sensing, memory and processing

Nature Electronics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 6(4), С. 281 - 291

Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2023

Abstract By integrating sensing, memory and processing functionalities, biological nervous systems are energy area efficient. Emulating such capabilities in artificial is, however, challenging is limited by the device heterogeneity of sensing cores. Here we report an organic electrochemical transistor capable processing. The has a vertical traverse architecture crystalline–amorphous channel that can be selectively doped ions to enable two reconfigurable modes: volatile receptor non-volatile synapse. As receptor, multi-modal responsive stimuli as light. synapse, it 10-bit analogue states, low switching stochasticity good state retention. We also show homogeneous integration devices could provide functions conditioned reflexes used for real-time cardiac disease diagnoses via reservoir computing.

Язык: Английский

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A guide for the characterization of organic electrochemical transistors and channel materials

Chemical Society Reviews, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 52(3), С. 1001 - 1023

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

The organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) is one of the most versatile bioelectronic devices. This review a guide for how to characterize OECTs and monitor mixed charge transport swelling properties OECT channel materials.

Язык: Английский

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Cyano‐Functionalized n‐Type Polymer with High Electron Mobility for High‐Performance Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 34(24)

Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2022

n-Type organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs) with high electron mobility are scarce and highly challenging to develop. As a result, the figure-of-merit (µC*) of n-type electrochemical transistors (OECTs) lags far behind p-type analogs, restraining development OECT-based low-power complementary circuits biosensors. Here, two donor-acceptor (D-A) polymers based on fused bithiophene imide dimer f-BTI2 as acceptor unit thienylene-vinylene-thienylene (TVT) donor co-unit reported. The cyanation TVT enables polymer f-BTI2g-TVTCN simultaneously enhanced ion-uptake ability, film structural order, charge-transport property. it is able obtain volumetric capacitance (C*) 170 ± 22 F cm-3 record OECT (μe,OECT ) 0.24 cm2 V-1 s-1 for f-BTI2g-TVTCN, subsequently achieving state-of-the-art µC* 41.3 cm-1 geometry-normalized transconductance (gm,norm 12.8 S in accumulation-mode OECTs. In contrast, only moderate 1.50 measured non-cyanated f-BTI2g-TVT. These remarkable results demonstrate great power cyano functionalization semiconductors developing OMIECs substantial aqueous environment high-performance

Язык: Английский

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Flexible Organic Transistors for Biosensing: Devices and Applications

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2023

Abstract Flexible and stretchable biosensors can offer seamless conformable biological–electronic interfaces for continuously acquiring high‐fidelity signals, permitting numerous emerging applications. Organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) are ideal transducers flexible biosensing due to their soft nature, inherent amplification function, biocompatibility, ease of functionalization, low cost, device diversity. In consideration the rapid advances in flexible‐OTFT‐based broad applications, herein, a timely comprehensive review is provided. It starts with detailed introduction features various OTFTs including organic field‐effect electrochemical transistors, functionalization strategies biosensing, highlight on seminal work up‐to‐date achievements. Then, applications wearable, implantable, portable electronics, as well neuromorphic biointerfaces detailed. Subsequently, special attention paid planar fibrous devices. The routes impart stretchability, structural engineering material engineering, discussed, implementations e‐skin smart textiles included. Finally, remaining challenges future opportunities this field summarized.

Язык: Английский

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Synthetic Nuances to Maximize n-Type Organic Electrochemical Transistor and Thermoelectric Performance in Fused Lactam Polymers

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 144(10), С. 4642 - 4656

Опубликована: Март 8, 2022

A series of fully fused n-type mixed conduction lactam polymers p(g7NCnN), systematically increasing the alkyl side chain content, are synthesized via an inexpensive, nontoxic, precious-metal-free aldol polycondensation. Employing these as channel materials in organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) affords state-of-the-art performance with p(g7NC10N) recording OECT electron mobility 1.20 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1 and a μC* figure merit 1.83 F cm-1 s-1. In parallel to high performance, upon solution doping (4-(1,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)phenyl)dimethylamine (N-DMBI), highest thermoelectric is observed for p(g7NC4N), maximum electrical conductivity 7.67 S power factor 10.4 μW m-1 K-2. These results among reported polymers. Importantly, while this polylactam ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs) highlights that synthetic molecular design strategies bolster can be translated also achieve (OTE) nuanced approach must used optimize performance. Herein, we outline metrics provide new insights into guidelines next generation high-performance applications, presenting first time single polymer within both OTE applications.

Язык: Английский

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Green Synthesis of Lactone‐Based Conjugated Polymers for n‐Type Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Advanced Functional Materials, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 32(16)

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2022

Abstract As new and better materials are implemented for organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), it becomes increasingly important to adopt more economic environmentally friendly synthesis pathways with respect conventional transition‐metal‐catalyzed polymerizations. Herein, a series of novel n‐type donor–acceptor‐conjugated polymers based on glycolated lactone bis‐isatin units reported. All the synthesized via green metal‐free aldol polymerization. The strong electron‐deficient lactone‐building blocks provide low‐lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) rigid backbone needed efficient electron mobility up 0.07 cm 2 V −1 s . Instead, polar atoms in ethylene glycol side chains contribute ionic conductivity. resulting OECTs exhibit normalized maximum transconductance g m,norm 0.8 S μC * 6.7 F Data microstructure show that such device performance originates from unique porous morphology together highly disordered amorphous microstructure, leading ion‐to‐electron coupling. Overall, design strategy provides an inexpensive polymerization route high‐performing OECTs.

Язык: Английский

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The effect of side chain engineering on conjugated polymers in organic electrochemical transistors for bioelectronic applications

Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(7), С. 2314 - 2332

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022

Bioelectronics focuses on the establishment of connection between ion-driven biosystems and readable electronic signals. Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) offer a viable solution for this task. mixed ionic/electronic conductors (OMIECs) rest at heart OECTs. The balance ionic conductivities OMIECs is closely connected to OECT device performance. While modification OMIECs' properties largely related development conjugated scaffolds, such as ion permeability, solubility, flexibility, morphology, sensitivity can be altered by side chain moieties. In review, we uncover influence molecular design performance We summarise current understanding focus specifically knowledge ionic-electronic coupling, shedding light significance OMIECs. show how versatile synthetic toolbox chains successfully employed tune parameters

Язык: Английский

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Switching p-type to high-performance n-type organic electrochemical transistors via doped state engineering

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 10, 2022

High-performance n-type organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are essential for logic circuits and sensors. However, the performances of OECTs lag far behind that p-type ones. Conventional wisdom posits LUMO energy level dictates performance. Herein, we show engineering doped state is more critical OECT polymers. By balancing charges to donor moiety, could effectively switch a polymer high-performance material. Based on this concept, polymer, P(gTDPP2FT), exhibits record high performance with μC* 54.8 F cm-1 V-1 s-1, mobility 0.35 cm2 response speed τon/τoff = 1.75/0.15 ms. Calculations comparison studies conversion primarily due uniform charges, stabilized negative polaron, enhanced conformation, backbone planarity at negatively charged states. Our work highlights role understanding polymers'

Язык: Английский

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Stretchable Redox‐Active Semiconducting Polymers for High‐Performance Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 34(23)

Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2022

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) represent an emerging device platform for next-generation bioelectronics owing to the uniquely high amplification and sensitivity biological signals. For achieving seamless tissue-electronics interfaces accurate signal acquisition, skin-like softness stretchability are essential requirements, but they have not yet been imparted onto high-performance OECTs, largely due lack of stretchable redox-active semiconducting polymers. Here, a semiconductor is reported OECT devices, namely poly(2-(3,3'-bis(2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)-[2,2'-bithiophen]-5)yl thiophene) (p(g2T-T)), which gives exceptional over 200% strain 5000 repeated stretching cycles, together with performance on par state-of-the-art. Validated by systematic characterizations comparisons different polymers, key design features this polymer that enable combination nonlinear backbone architecture, moderate side-chain density, sufficiently molecular weight. Using highly semiconductor, intrinsically fabricated normalized transconductance (≈223 S cm-1 ) biaxial up 100% strain. Furthermore, on-skin electrocardiogram (ECG) recording demonstrated, combines built-in unprecedented skin conformability.

Язык: Английский

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High‐Performance n‐Type Organic Electrochemical Transistors Enabled by Aqueous Solution Processing of Amphiphilicity‐Driven Polymer Assembly

Advanced Functional Materials, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 32(16)

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2022

Abstract Despite the growing attention on organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), most research has focused design of p‐type active materials, and number high‐performance n‐type materials is limited. Herein, a series naphthalene diimide‐based polymers incorporated with asymmetrically branched oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) side chains are developed to enable green‐solvent‐processed, OECTs. The OEG afford sufficient solubility in eco‐friendly ethanol/water solvent mixtures. Importantly, taking advantage amphiphilic nature OEG‐based polymers, solvents selectively solvate hydrophilic chains, while producing assembled π−π stacks hydrophobic backbones. This enables highly ordered polymer packing preferential edge‐on orientation, thus excellent lateral charge transport. In particular, fine‐tuned P(NDIMTEG‐T) provide compact backbone packing, effective polaron generation, superior stability optimized swelling capability. resultant OECT shows best electrical/electrochemical performance family, represented by high transconductance ( g m ) 0.38 S cm −1 large figure‐of‐merit (µ C *) 0.56 F V s . study demonstrates use aqueous processing OECTs, for first time, suggests important guidelines mixed ionic‐electronic conductors characteristics.

Язык: Английский

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