Advances in Nonreactive Polymer Compatibilizers for Commodity Polyolefin Blends

Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 124(16), С. 9609 - 9632

Опубликована: Июль 25, 2024

Recycling mixed polyolefin plastics is a significant challenge due to the limitations in sorting and degraded mechanical properties of blends. Nonreactive compatibilization by adding small amount polymeric additive widespread approach restoring performance value recycled plastics. Over past several decades, synthetic advances have enabled access low-cost copolymers precision architectures for deepening understanding mechanisms semicrystalline polyolefins. This review covers design parameters compatibilizer, testing blends, methods producing economically viable additives, surveys literature blends compatibilized HDPE, LLDPE, LDPE, iPP. From this, readers should gain comprehension polymer mechanics, synthesis, macromolecular engineering processable along with field's future directions.

Язык: Английский

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Dynamic crosslinking of thermoplastics via perfluorophenyl nitrene C–H insertion to form recyclable thermosets

Chem, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 102479 - 102479

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Well‐Controlled Block‐Type Cyclic Olefin Copolymers with High Heat Resistance, Outstanding Strength and Low‐Temperature Toughness

Chinese Journal of Chemistry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2025

Comprehensive Summary As an important class of transparent polyolefins, cyclic olefin copolymers (COCs) exhibit a wide range properties, from soft (low unit content in random copolymer) to hard (high thermoplastics. A higher copolymer results increased rigidity and heat resistance, but at the expense material toughness, especially under low temperature. To achieve trade‐off, block‐type COCs composed well‐defined hard‐soft hard‐soft‐hard segments with high molecular weights ( M n > 200 kDa) relatively narrow weight distributions w / < 1.42) were prepared via quasi‐living copolymerization. Compared copolymers, di‐block retained satisfactory resistance optical transparency exhibited superior tensile properties (tensile strength: 56.2 MPa, elongation break: 254.4%), while tri‐block same additional segment even better achieving strength 67.3 break 286.9%, all maintaining transmittance (> 90%). Even temperatures below 0 °C, EN 52 ‐ b ‐EN 19 46 demonstrated 64.0 MPa) 65.6%), highlighting advantages alternating structural design COCs.

Язык: Английский

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Efficient and Robust Dynamic Crosslinking for Compatibilizing Immiscible Mixed Plastics through In Situ Generated Singlet Nitrenes

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 36(32)

Опубликована: Июнь 7, 2024

Abstract Creating a sustainable economy for plastics demands the exploration of new strategies efficient management mixed plastic waste. The inherent incompatibility different poses major challenge in mechanical recycling, resulting phase‐separated materials with inferior properties. Here, this study presents robust and dynamic crosslinking chemistry that effectively compatibilizes plastics. Composed aromatic sulfonyl azides, crosslinker shows high thermal stability generates singlet nitrene species situ during solvent‐free melt‐extrusion, promoting C─H insertion across diverse This method demonstrates successful compatibilization binary polymer blends model plastics, enhancing performance improving phase morphology. It holds promise managing waste, supporting more lifecycle

Язык: Английский

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Robust, Reprocessable and Scalable Ethylene Acrylic Acid Copolymer (EAA) Derived Vitrimer Based on Dual Cross-linked Networks

Journal of Polymers and the Environment, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Reactive Processing of Polyethylene with Azidotriazine: From Modified Thermoplastics to Injection Moldable Covalent Adaptable Networks

ACS Applied Polymer Materials, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 7(3), С. 2123 - 2133

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2025

The increasing consumption of polyethylene (PE) is an important concern for society because the rate PE recycling remains low compared to scale production. There thus great interest in strategies revalorizing waste. In this context, our group recently reported approach transforming into nanostructured covalent adaptable networks (CANs) with azidotriazine grafting agents using reactive extrusion. These CANs feature polyazane cross-links that undergo thermomechanically activated exchange reactions, permitting material flow when subjected high temperature and strain. Herein, we exploited chemistry develop modified materials intriguing thermomechanical properties exceptional processability. A family compositions was prepared by reactively extruding varying amounts agent, resulting were studied a combination electron microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, calorimetry, rheometry, mechanical testing. As loading agent increased from 0.05 1.0 mol %, transitioned being thermoplastic-like thermoset-like, revealing balance properties, melt strength, high-temperature creep resistance. Surprisingly, all samples─even loadings azidotriazine─could be easily shaped injection molding. We believe promising, industrially relevant way enhance polyolefins.

Язык: Английский

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Synthesis of Graft‐Modified Polyolefin Compatibilizers for Compatibilizing Mixed Plastics

Chinese Journal of Chemistry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2025

Comprehensive Summary Recycling polyolefin and other plastic mixtures encounters significant obstacles due to the intricate nature economic inefficiencies of physically separating vast streams mixed waste. Incorporating compatibilizers emerges as a viable strategy diminish interfacial energy bolster compatibility, ultimately yielding homogeneous products. In this contribution, polar polyolefins featuring metal dynamic cross‐linking networks were synthesized by tandem polymerizing ionic cluster type monomers olefins. Subsequent treatment with HCl aqueous solution esterification polyester precursors yields high‐performance grafted for polymer compatibilizing. For PP/PC melting blends, adding 5 wt% graft‐modified results in tougher blends that surpass performance corresponding virgin iPP elongation at break (εb). Polar containing sodium carboxylate groups play dual role compatibilizing PET/HDPE acting both nucleating agents. Moreover, enables production comprising ternary polymers, which can be employed blends.

Язык: Английский

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One-Step Radical-Induced Synthesis of Graft Copolymers for Effective Compatibilization of Polyethylene and Polypropylene

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 19, 2025

The synthesis of copolymers from high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and isotactic polypropylene (iPP) has gained increasing attention due to their ability improve the recycling incompatible mixed polyolefin waste feed streams. Herein, we report a new radical grafting process that yields HDPE-g-iPP HDPE iPP by using commercially available peroxide. Tensile testing brittle 70/30 HDPE/iPP mixtures with these graft added showed promising compatibilization, improving elongation at break blends 20% up 1080%. Detailed kinetic studies coupled thermal rheological characterization revealed optimized conditions for macroradical coupling deeper understanding reaction. This optimization yielded compatibilize loadings as low 2.5 wt %. versatility this reaction was demonstrated preparing an effective compatibilizer untreated postconsumer plastics.

Язык: Английский

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Reversible Vitrimisation of Single‐Use Plastics and their Mixtures

Advanced Functional Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 6, 2024

Abstract Vitrimers are promising next‐generation materials, often exhibiting superior properties such as mechanical strength and solvent resistance compared to their thermoplastic counterparts, while still featuring recyclability due dynamic covalent crosslinks. The most common strategy recycle vitrimers is via reprocessing at high temperatures, others utilize chemical degradation reobtain the constituent monomers. This work presents a new approach toward by selectively breaking of vitrimer's crosslinks, turning it back into thermoplastic. allows for be achieved in more sustainable manner lower temperatures shorter times. After desired shape has been obtained, facile re‐crosslinking turns material vitrimer, with full restoration thermal stability, properties, gel fraction. To achieve this, carbene C─H insertion utilized introduce an imine‐based crosslinker various thermoplastics plastic mixtures convert them vitrimers. Properties typical retained polymer network Arrhenius‐type relationship between stress relaxation rate temperature observed, its elongation break tensile toughness, particularly significantly enhanced, first crosslinking, then further enhanced up 8 folds reversible crosslinking process.

Язык: Английский

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Photooxidation of Polyolefins to Produce Materials with In‐chain Ketones and Improved Materials Properties

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 29, 2024

Herein, we report a selective photooxidation of commodity postconsumer polyolefins to produce polymers with in-chain ketones. The reaction does not involve the use catalyst, metals, or expensive oxidants, and selectively introduces ketone functional groups. Under mild operationally simple conditions, yields up 1.23 mol % ketones were achieved. Installation resulted in materials improved adhesion miscibility mixed plastics relative unfunctionalized plastics. introduction groups into polymer backbone allows these react diamines, forming dynamic covalent polyolefin networks. This strategy for upcycling plastic waste reprocessable enhanced performance properties compared blends. Mechanistic studies support involvement photoexcited nitroaromatics consecutive hydrogen oxygen atom transfer reactions.

Язык: Английский

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