Abstract
Tin
dioxide
(SnO
2
)
is
widely
used
as
an
electron
transport
layer
(ETL)
in
perovskite
solar
cells
(PSCs)
due
to
its
high
mobility
and
stability.
While
atomic
deposition
(ALD)
enables
the
formation
of
uniform
defect-free
SnO
films,
direct
contact
with
leads
energy
level
mismatch
charge
recombination,
limiting
device
performance.
In
this
study,
we
systematically
investigate
role
ALD-SnO
PSCs
reveal
that
interface
induces
severe
loss
rather
than
efficient
transport.
To
address
this,
examine
a
double-layer
ETL
architecture,
where
spin-coated
nanoparticle
deposited
on
.
Optical
morphological
analyses
confirm
alone
causes
trapping,
while
ALD
+
SC
improves
extraction
interfacial
quality.
As
result,
achieve
power
conversion
efficiency
(PCE)
exceeding
22%,
significantly
outperforming
ALD-only
spin-coated-only
configurations.
Advanced Energy Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Окт. 31, 2024
Abstract
The
uncontrolled
crystallization
of
perovskite
generates
a
significant
number
internal
and
interfacial
defects,
posing
major
challenge
to
the
performance
solar
cells
(PSCs).
In
this
paper,
novel
bi‐interfacial
modification
strategy
utilizing
5‐fluoropyridinic
acid
(FPA)
is
proposed
modulate
crystal
growth
provide
defect
passivation.
It
demonstrated
that
FPA
self‐deposited
at
both
top
bottom
interfaces
films
during
thermal
annealing.
CO
N
functional
groups
in
serve
as
chelating
agents,
binding
closely
uncoordinated
Pb
2+
/Pb
clusters,
thereby
passivating
defects
reducing
charge
recombination
interfaces.
strong
chemical
interactions
between
further
stabilize
Pb‐I
framework,
promoting
formation
high‐quality
films,
confirmed
by
situ
photoluminescence
measurements.
Consequently,
modified
inverted
PSCs
achieved
an
exceptional
power
conversion
efficiency
(PCE)
25.37%.
Moreover,
devices
retained
over
93.17%
initial
after
3000
h
continuous
illumination
under
one‐sun
equivalent
conditions
nitrogen
atmosphere.
This
paper
presents
promising
pathway
for
enhancing
stability
through
self‐induced
approach.
Advanced Materials,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2025
Abstract
SnO₂
is
a
widely
used
electron
transport
layer
(ETL)
material
in
perovskite
solar
cells
(PSCs),
and
its
design
optimization
are
essential
for
achieving
efficient
stable
PSCs.
In
this
study,
the
situ
formation
of
chain
entanglement
gel
polymer
electrolyte
reported
an
aqueous
phase,
integrated
with
as
ETL.
Based
on
self‐polymerization
3‐[[2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethylammonium]propane‐1‐sulfonic
acid
(DAES)
environment,
combining
catalytic
effect
LiCl
(as
Lewis
acid)
salting‐out
effect,
introduction
polyvinylpyrrolidone
(PVP)
other
chain,
gelled
SnO
2
(G‐SnO
)
structure
successfully
constructed
wide
range
functions.
The
PDEAS‐PVP
achieves
passivation
Pb
⁺
capture
through
chemical
chelation
mechanisms
explored.
results
demonstrated
that
all‐in‐air
prepared
PSC
based
G‐SnO
exhibited
excellent
power
conversion
efficiency
(PCE)
24.77%
retained
83.3%
their
initial
after
2100
h
air
exposure.
Additionally,
exposes
more
C═O
S═O
active
sites,
significantly
enhanced
lead
absorption
capability
Abstract
Inverted
perovskite
solar
cells
(PSCs)
have
become
a
current
research
hotspot
due
to
their
advantages
such
as
low‐temperature
preparation,
low
hysteresis,
and
compatibility
with
stacked
other
cells.
NiO
x
,
metal
oxide
hole
transport
layer
material,
is
widely
used
in
inverted
PSCs.
However,
challenges
high
defect
density,
intrinsic
conductivity,
unfavorable
valence
band
mismatch
at
the
/perovskite
interface
hinder
further
improvement
of
device
performance.
Therefore,
enhancing
buried
between
layers
crucial
for
optimizing
This
review
systematically
categorizes
materials
based
on
types,
including
organic
small
molecules,
self‐assembled
monolayers
(SAMs),
polymers,
salts.
Additionally,
it
incorporates
strategies,
introduction
low‐dimensional
materials,
doping,
advancements
deposition
technology.
By
reviewing
technologies
past
2
years,
this
article
aims
provide
insights
achieve
more
efficient
stable
‐based
Finally,
we
also
discuss
future
directions
challenges.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2025
Abstract
engineering
has
emerged
as
a
promising
approach
to
improve
the
stability
and
power
conversion
efficiency
of
perovskite
solar
cells
(PSCs)
by
regulating
crystallization
or
defects.
Conventional
methods
typically
focus
on
single
functional
group,
leading
deficiency
in
simultaneously
addressing
above
mentioned
two
aspects.
Here,
an
innovative
using
(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐amine
hydroiodide
(MSPPAI)
is
presented
concurrently
effectively
modulate
defect
passivation.
The
unique
structure
MSPPAI,
combining
rigid
conjugated
with
multisite
anchoring
groups
(─NH
2
─SO
─),
enables
precise
regulation
through
strong
interaction
components.
This
promotes
preferred
(100)
orientation
crystals,
enhances
grain
size,
thus
improves
film
quality.
Meanwhile,
approximate
coplanarity
further
facilitate
ordered
directional
growth.
Furthermore,
preventing
volatile
loss
coordinating
residual
Pb
2+
,
MSPPAI
could
stabilize
boundaries
surfaces
reduce
defects
prevent
degradation.
Utilizing
these
mechanisms,
corresponding
based
devices
achieves
25.54%
exhibits
excellent
that
maintains
93%
its
initial
even
after
1600
h
under
humid
conditions.
molecular
design
strategy
presents
novel
for
improving
PSCs.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 14, 2025
Commercial
SnO2
nanocrystals
used
for
producing
electron
transporting
layers
(ETLs)
of
perovskite
solar
cells
(PSC)
are
prone
to
aggregation
at
room
temperature
and
contain
many
structural
defects.
Herein,
we
report
that
the
LiOH
additive
can
simultaneously
delay
donate
beneficial
aging
effect
nanocrystals.
The
resulting
ETLs
show
desired
characteristics,
including
a
broadened
absorption
range,
reduced
defects,
improved
properties,
decreased
work
function.
Meanwhile,
Cs0.15FA0.65MA0.20Pb(I0.80Br0.20)3
films
with
wide
bandgap
1.68
eV
grown
on
them
exhibit
pure
phase,
higher
crystallinity,
fewer
better
buried-interface
contact,
more
aligned
energy
levels
each
other
than
ones
based
without
treatment.
Hence,
average
efficiencies
boosted
from
(18.79
±
0.40)%
(20.16
0.36)%
wide-bandgap
PSCs,
wherein
champion
efficiency
21.12%
is
achieved.
In
addition,
as-obtained
PSCs
possess
good
thermal
humidity
stability.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
34(48)
Опубликована: Июль 16, 2024
Abstract
Charge
transport
layers
are
critical
components
in
perovskite
solar
cells
(PSCs)
for
achieving
satisfied
power
conversion
efficiencies
(PCEs)
and
device
stability.
However,
these
often
bring
incompatible
interfaces
complex
fabrication,
limiting
the
stability
scalability
of
PSC
technology.
Here
an
alternative
strategy
salt‐based
catalyzer
(SBC)
is
proposed
to
regulate
heterogeneous
nucleation
perovskite,
which
enables
uniform
well‐controlled
coverage
directly
onto
salt‐treated
substrate
without
electron
(ETLs).
By
carefully
adjusting
cations,
anions,
thickness
SBC,
high‐quality
films
along
with
superior
buried
suppress
carrier
recombination
losses
strengthen
interfacial
stability,
promoting
resultant
achieve
a
record
PCE
23.04%,
represents
highest
reported
efficiency
ETL‐free
PSCs.
Meanwhile,
SBC
technique
can
be
well
extended
large‐area,
flexible,
module‐based
devices.
More
encouragingly,
SBC‐based
unencapsulated
devices
exhibit
remarkable
operational
by
retaining
over
90%
initial
1540
h
under
illumination
6312
air
environment.
This
work
provides
advisable
way
fabricate
efficient
stable
PSCs
toward
reliable
cost‐effective
production.
Advanced Energy Materials,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 26, 2025
Abstract
Effective
suppression
of
non‐radiative
recombination
caused
by
surface
defects
in
perovskite
is
crucial
for
achieving
high‐efficiency
solar
cells
(PSCs).
However,
conventional
passivators
such
as
organic
amine
salts
are
prone
to
deprotonation
amines
and
rapid
reaction
with
formamidine,
leading
device
degradation.
Meanwhile,
the
solvent
processing
can
also
decompose
layer
due
dissolution
salts.
In
this
work,
an
small
molecule,
2‐Thiophenacetamide
(TAM),
features
multiple
active
sites
presented.
TAM
demonstrates
ability
passivate
thin
films
through
sublimation
deposition.
It
demonstrated
that
solvent‐free
method
effect
thiophene
carbonyl
group
efficiently
uncoordinated
Pb
2+
,
while
amino
aids
stabilizing
structures
forming
hydrogen
bonds
iodide
ions.
As
a
result,
vapor
treatment
enhanced
efficiency
25.33%,
operational
stability
maintained
at
95%
original
after
continuous
operation
over
1000
h.
Additionally,
submodules
area
14
cm
2
successfully
assembled
up
22.17%.
