ACS Energy Letters,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
6(10), С. 3676 - 3685
Опубликована: Сен. 24, 2021
Access
to
nitrogen-based
fertilizers
is
critical
maximize
agricultural
yield,
as
nitrogen
the
most
common
rate-limiting
nutrient.
Nearly
all
rely
on
ammonia
and
nitric
acid
feedstocks,
thus
demand
for
these
chemicals
heavily
dependent
global
population
food
demand.
Over
next
three
decades,
will
continue
dictate
market
size
value
acid,
which
consequently
have
a
significant
impact
our
energy
infrastructure.
Here,
we
discuss
potential
carbon-free
electrocatalytic
reduction,
oxidation,
nitrate
reduction
meet
fertilizer
manufacturing
demands.
We
also
explore
various
growth
scenarios
predict
2050
acid.
highlight
that
if
current
approaches
remain
constant,
carbon
emissions
from
production
of
fixed
feedstocks
could
exceed
1300
MtCO2eq/yr,
prompting
strong
need
green
alternatives.
Advanced Materials,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
33(31)
Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2021
Abstract
Hydrogen
economy
has
emerged
as
a
very
promising
alternative
to
the
current
hydrocarbon
economy,
which
involves
process
of
harvesting
renewable
energy
split
water
into
hydrogen
and
oxygen
then
further
utilization
clean
fuel.
The
production
by
electrolysis
is
an
essential
prerequisite
with
zero
carbon
emission.
Among
various
technologies,
alkaline
splitting
been
commercialized
for
more
than
100
years,
representing
most
mature
economic
technology.
Here,
historic
development
overviewed,
several
critical
electrochemical
parameters
are
discussed.
After
that,
advanced
nonprecious
metal
electrocatalysts
that
recently
negotiating
evolution
reaction
(OER)
(HER)
discussed,
including
transition
oxides,
(oxy)hydroxides,
chalcogenides,
phosphides,
nitrides
OER,
well
alloys,
carbides
HER.
In
this
section,
particular
attention
paid
catalyst
synthesis,
activity
stability
challenges,
performance
improvement,
industry‐relevant
developments.
Some
recent
works
about
scaled‐up
novel
electrode
designs,
seawater
also
spotlighted.
Finally,
outlook
on
future
challenges
opportunities
offered,
potential
directions
speculated.
Chemical Society Reviews,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
50(2), С. 1354 - 1390
Опубликована: Дек. 10, 2020
This
review
comprehensively
summarizes
the
progress
on
structural
and
electronic
modulation
of
transition
metal
nitrides
for
electrochemical
energy
applications.
Chemical Society Reviews,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
50(15), С. 8428 - 8469
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021
The
recent
progress
in
activating
surface
reconstruction
by
integrating
advanced
characterizations
with
theoretical
calculations
for
high-efficiency
oxygen
evolution
reaction
is
reviewed.
Abstract
Oxygen
evolution
reaction
(OER)
is
an
important
half‐reaction
involved
in
many
electrochemical
applications,
such
as
water
splitting
and
rechargeable
metal–air
batteries.
However,
the
sluggish
kinetics
of
its
four‐electron
transfer
process
becomes
a
bottleneck
to
performance
enhancement.
Thus,
rational
design
electrocatalysts
for
OER
based
on
thorough
understanding
mechanisms
structure‐activity
relationship
vital
significance.
This
review
begins
with
introduction
which
include
conventional
adsorbate
mechanism
lattice‐oxygen‐mediated
mechanism.
The
pathways
related
intermediates
are
discussed
detail,
several
descriptors
greatly
assist
catalyst
screen
optimization
summarized.
Some
parameters
suggested
measurement
criteria
also
mentioned
discussed.
Then,
recent
developments
breakthroughs
experimental
achievements
transition
metal‐based
reviewed
reveal
novel
principles.
Finally,
some
perspectives
future
directions
proposed
further
catalytic
enhancement
deeper
design.
It
believed
that
iterative
improvements
fundamental
principles
essential
realize
applications
efficient
energy
storage
conversion
technologies.
Journal of the American Chemical Society,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
142(27), С. 11901 - 11914
Опубликована: Июнь 15, 2020
The
oxygen
evolution
reaction
(OER)
is
the
performance-limiting
half
of
water
splitting,
which
can
be
used
to
produce
hydrogen
fuel
using
renewable
energies.
Whereas
a
number
transition
metal
oxides
and
oxyhydroxides
have
been
developed
as
promising
OER
catalysts
in
alkaline
medium,
mechanisms
on
these
are
not
well
understood.
Here
we
combine
electrochemical
situ
spectroscopic
methods,
particularly
operando
X-ray
absorption
Raman
spectroscopy,
study
mechanism
cobalt
oxyhydroxide
(CoOOH),
an
archetypical
unary
catalyst.
We
find
dominating
resting
state
catalyst
Co(IV)
species
CoO2.
Through
isotope
exchange
experiments,
discover
superoxide
active
intermediate
OER.
This
formed
concurrently
oxidation
CoOOH
Combing
electrokinetic
data,
identify
rate-determining
step
release
dioxygen
from
intermediate.
work
provides
important
experimental
fingerprints
new
mechanistic
perspectives
for
catalysts.
