Post-translational modifications in liquid-liquid phase separation: a comprehensive review

Molecular Biomedicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 3(1)

Опубликована: Май 11, 2022

Abstract Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) has received significant attention in recent biological studies. It refers to a phenomenon that biomolecule exceeds the solubility, condensates and separates itself from solution liquid like droplets formation. Our understanding of it also changed memebraneless organelles compartmentalization, muti-functional crucibles, reaction regulators. Although this been employed for variety processes, studies mainly focus on its physiological significance, comprehensive research underlying physical mechanism is limited. The characteristics side chains amino acids interaction tendency proteins function importantly regulating LLPS thus should be pay more on. In addition, importance post-translational modifications (PTMs) underestimated, despite their abundance crucial functions maintaining electrostatic balance. review, we first introduce driving forces protein secondary structures involved different cell life processes. Subsequently, summarize existing reports PTM regulation related analyze basic principles, hoping find some common relations between PTM. Finally, speculate several unreported PTMs may have impact basing findings.

Язык: Английский

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The Current Understanding of Mechanistic Pathways in Zeolite Crystallization

Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 124(6), С. 3416 - 3493

Опубликована: Март 14, 2024

Zeolite catalysts and adsorbents have been an integral part of many commercial processes are projected to play a significant role in emerging technologies address the changing energy environmental landscapes. The ability rationally design zeolites with tailored properties relies on fundamental understanding crystallization pathways strategically manipulate nucleation growth. complexity zeolite growth media engenders diversity mechanisms that can manifest at different synthesis stages. In this review, we discuss current classical nonclassical associated formation (alumino)silicate zeolites. We begin brief overview history seminal advancements, followed by comprehensive discussion classes precursors respect their methods assembly physicochemical properties. following two sections provide detailed discussions wherein emphasize general trends highlight specific observations for select framework types. then close conclusions future outlook summarize key hypotheses, knowledge gaps, potential opportunities guide toward more exact science.

Язык: Английский

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Constructing Phase Separation in Polymer Gels: Strategies, Functions and Applications

Progress in Polymer Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 154, С. 101847 - 101847

Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2024

Язык: Английский

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The intertwined physics of active chemical reactions and phase separation

Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 61, С. 101606 - 101606

Опубликована: Авг. 2, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Rheology and Viscoelasticity of Proteins and Nucleic Acids Condensates

JACS Au, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 2(7), С. 1506 - 1521

Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2022

Phase separation is as familiar watching vinegar separating from oil in vinaigrette. The observation that phase of proteins and nucleic acids widespread living cells has opened an entire field research into the biological significance biophysical mechanisms protein condensation biology. Recent evidence indicates certain condensates are not simple liquids instead display both viscous elastic behaviors, which turn may have significance. aim this Perspective to review state-of-the-art quickly emerging focusing on material rheological properties condensates. Finally, we discuss different techniques can be employed quantify viscoelasticity highlight potential future directions opportunities for interdisciplinary cross-talk between chemists, physicists, biologists.

Язык: Английский

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Viscoelastic phase separation in biological cells

Communications Physics, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 5(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2022

Abstract Biological phase separation forming membraneless organelles in cytoplasm and nucleus has attracted considerable attention. Liquid-like condensates are often created as spherical droplets. However, various with network-like morphologies, including protein granules, localisation bodies, centrosome assemblies, have recently been discovered cells. Therefore, what controls the morphology of biological is a critical issue but remains elusive. Here, based on knowledge viscoelastic soft matter physics, we propose that difference molecular dynamics between two phases condensate morphology. Small large mobility differences should lead to droplet-like morphologies minority phase, respectively. We show asymmetric partitioning high-molecular-weight unstructured polymers (e.g., messenger RNA) increases dynamic asymmetry form pattern slower which may further be stabilised through inter-polymer binding.

Язык: Английский

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Self-assembled nanocomposites of high water content and load-bearing capacity

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 119(32)

Опубликована: Июль 18, 2022

Biological tissues, such as cartilage, tendon, ligament, skin, and plant cell wall, simultaneously achieve high water content load-bearing capacity. The enables the transport of nutrients wastes, capacity provides structural support for organisms. These functions are achieved through nanostructures. This biological fact has inspired synthetic mimics, but achieving both been challenging. main difficulty is to construct nanostructures capacity, characterized by multiple properties, including elastic modulus, strength, toughness, fatigue threshold. Here we develop a process that self-assembles nanocomposite using hydrogel-forming polymer glass-forming polymer. separates polymers into hydrogel phase glass phase. two phases arrest at nanoscale bicontinuous. Submerged in water, maintains structure resists further swelling. We demonstrate commercial polymers, content, well comparable polyethylene. During process, rubbery stage exists, enabling us fabricate objects complex shapes fine features. conduct experiments discuss likely molecular origins arrested separation, swell resistance, ductility. Potential applications nanocomposites include artificial high-pressure filters, low-friction coatings, solid electrolytes.

Язык: Английский

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Hydrogels of arrested phase separation simultaneously achieve high strength and low hysteresis

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(26)

Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2023

Hydrogels are being developed to bear loads. Applications include artificial tendons and muscles, which require high strength loads low hysteresis reduce energy loss. However, simultaneously achieving has been challenging. This challenge is met here by synthesizing hydrogels of arrested phase separation. Such a hydrogel interpenetrating hydrophilic hydrophobic networks, separate into water-rich water-poor phase. The two phases arrest at the microscale. soft deconcentrates stress in strong phase, leading strength. elastic adhere through topological entanglements, hysteresis. For example, 76 weight % water, made poly(ethyl acrylate) poly(acrylic acid), achieves tensile 6.9 megapascals 16.6%. combination properties not realized among previously existing hydrogels.

Язык: Английский

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Elastic microphase separation produces robust bicontinuous materials

Nature Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 23(1), С. 124 - 130

Опубликована: Окт. 26, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Functional Biomaterials Derived from Protein Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation and Liquid‐to‐Solid Transition

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2025

Protein phase transitions play a vital role in both cellular functions and pathogenesis. Dispersed proteins can undergo liquid-liquid separation to form condensates, process that is reversible highly regulated within cells. The formation physicochemical properties of these such as composition, viscosity, multiphase miscibility, are precisely modulated fulfill specific biological functions. However, protein condensates further liquid-to-solid state, forming β-sheet-rich aggregates may disrupt function lead diseases. While this phenomenon crucial for processes has significant implications neurodegenerative diseases, the behavior naturally derived or engineered polypeptides also presents opportunities developing high-performance, multifunctional materials at various scales. Additionally, unique molecular recruitment capabilities inspire innovative advancements biomaterial design applications drug discovery, delivery, biosynthesis. This work highlights recent progress understanding mechanisms underlying behavior, particularly how it responds internal changes external physical stimuli. Furthermore, fabrication from diverse sources through controlled demonstrated.

Язык: Английский

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