High Mountain Asia hydropower systems threatened by climate-driven landscape instability

Nature Geoscience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 15(7), С. 520 - 530

Опубликована: Июнь 23, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Warming-driven erosion and sediment transport in cold regions

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 3(12), С. 832 - 851

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2022

Язык: Английский

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The impact of vegetation on meandering rivers

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 3(3), С. 165 - 178

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Global Observations of Riverbank Erosion and Accretion From Landsat Imagery

Journal of Geophysical Research Earth Surface, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 128(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2023

Abstract Riverbank migration has historically been seen as a risk to infrastructure that can be combated through channelization, bank stabilization, and sediment trapping. The physical processes involved with riverbank erosion deposition are well defined, yet the solutions equations describe these computationally data intensive over large domains. While current understanding of large‐scale river channel mobility largely comes from reach‐ watershed‐scale observations, we need global observations accretion broaden our within across basins. In this work, create first set for >370,000 km rivers using up 20 years water classifications Landsat imagery. We estimate uncertainty by propagating classification errors methods. Globally, find wider than 150 m have an approximately log‐normal distribution median value 1.52 m/yr. Comparing 25 similar estimates migration, found normalized mean absolute error 42% bias 5.8%. show width is best first‐order predictor erosion, in agreement existing literature. also relationship between substantially different among sample basins suggest due second‐order influences geology, hydrology, human influence. These will help improve models transport, support modification rivers.

Язык: Английский

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Recent intensified erosion and massive sediment deposition in Tibetan Plateau rivers

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2024

Recent climate change has caused an increase in warming-driven erosion and sediment transport processes on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Yet a lack of measurements hinders our understanding basin-scale dynamics associated spatiotemporal changes. Here, using satellite-based estimates suspended sediment, we reconstruct quantitative history patterns major headwater basins from 1986 to 2021. Out 13 warming-affected regions, 63% rivers have experienced significant increases flux. Despite such intensified erosion, find that 30% total flux been temporarily deposited within rivers. Our findings reveal pronounced heterogeneity across basins. The recurrent fluctuations erosion-deposition river channels not only result underestimation magnitude but also drive continuous transformations valley morphology, thereby endangering local ecosystems, landscape stability, infrastructure project safety.

Язык: Английский

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Quantifying the Effect of Precipitation on Landslide Hazard in Urbanized and Non‐Urbanized Areas

Geophysical Research Letters, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 48(16)

Опубликована: Авг. 10, 2021

Abstract Although most landslides are precipitation‐triggered, a number of other complex conditions simultaneously predispose any given slope to failure, with the impact urbanization posing particular scientific challenges. We use panel regression fixed effects—which controls for observed and unobserved time‐variant time‐invariant influences—to quantify effect precipitation accumulation on landslide concentration across Pacific Coast region United States. find that hazard is sensitive variations in urbanized areas. This finding robust 1‐day, 10‐day, 30‐day periods accumulation, among individual states, when analysis confined San Francisco Bay Area (a subregion both urban rural areas). Our results corroborate existing hypotheses increases hazard, while demonstrating importance considering interactions predicting current climate, under climate change scenarios.

Язык: Английский

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Fires, floods and other extreme events – How watershed processes under climate change will shape our coastlines

Cambridge Prisms Coastal Futures, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 1

Опубликована: Сен. 8, 2022

Abstract Ongoing sea-level rise has brought renewed focus on terrestrial sediment supply to the coast because of its strong influence whether and how long beaches, marshes other coastal landforms may persist into future. Here, we summarise findings discharge from several rivers, revealing that infrequent, large-magnitude events have disproportionate morphodynamics littoral cells. These event-dominated effects are most pronounced for small, steep mountainous rivers beach wetland along world’s active tectonic margins, although infrequent important drivers worldwide. Additionally, extreme (recurrence intervals decades centuries) follow wildfires, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, precipitation or – notably combinations these factors can redefine budgets morphology. Some (e.g., wildfires plus rainfall) increasing in magnitude frequency under modern climate warming, with likely result flux affected coastlines. Climate change is also altering watershed processes both high latitudes altitudes, resulting increased downstream catchments. We conclude inputs systems highly variable time, variability trends input as characterise long-term averages.

Язык: Английский

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Natural infrastructure in dryland streams (NIDS) can establish regenerative wetland sinks that reverse desertification and strengthen climate resilience

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 849, С. 157738 - 157738

Опубликована: Авг. 4, 2022

In this article we describe the natural hydrogeomorphological and biogeochemical cycles of dryland fluvial ecosystems that make them unique, yet vulnerable to land use activities climate change. We introduce Natural Infrastructure in Dryland Streams (NIDS), which are structures naturally or anthropogenically created from earth, wood, debris, rock can restore implicit function these systems. This manuscript further discusses capability functional similarities between beaver dams anthropogenic NIDS, documented by decades scientific study. addition, present novel, evidence-based finding NIDS create wetlands water-scarce riparian zones, with soil organic carbon stock as much 200 1400 Mg C/ha top meter soil. identify key restorative action is slow drainage water landscape such more it infiltrate be used facilitate physical, chemical, biological processes environments. Specifically, assert rapid environments reversed through restoration infrastructure once existed. then explore how feedback loops provide examples have been loops, lessons learned installation streams southwestern United States, efforts might scaled up, what implications for mitigating change effects. Our synthesis portrays using support adaptation protection climate-related disturbances stressors drought, shortages, flooding, heatwaves, dust storms, wildfire, biodiversity losses, food insecurity.

Язык: Английский

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Modeling Post‐Wildfire Hydrologic Response: Review and Future Directions for Applications of Physically Based Distributed Simulation

Earth s Future, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2023

Abstract Wildfire is a growing concern as climate shifts. The hydrologic effects of wildfire, which include elevated hazards and changes in water quantity quality, are increasingly assessed using numerical models. Post‐wildfire application physically based distributed models provides unique insight into the underlying processes that affect resources after wildfire. This work reviews synthesizes post‐wildfire applications by examining scales geographic/ecohydrologic distribution model applications, response process representation, parameterization, performance metrics. Highlighted gaps opportunities for advancing modeling wildfire following: (a) applying under‐represented geographic (S. America, Africa, Asia) ecohydrologic regions (arid or dry subhumid climates), (b) incorporating all four major streamflow generation mechanisms (infiltration excess, saturation subsurface storm flow, groundwater flow), (c) representing integrated vadose zone saturated to better capture generation, (d) building new remotely sensed parameterization methods precipitation interception, infiltration, overland flow account burn severity recovery, (e) state variables (e.g., soil moisture, levels) assessment, (f) designing intercomparison studies, including field datasets specifically development validation, (g) linking mechanistic vegetation regrowth with improve simulation shifts ecosystems recover, (h) creating community framework integrate advances across science community.

Язык: Английский

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Climate change impacts on erosion and suspended sediment loads in New Zealand

Geomorphology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 427, С. 108607 - 108607

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2023

Soil is a critical resource that provides many ecosystem services and highly valued by indigenous cultures as key for supporting essential human needs. Land degradation processes such erosion are depleting soil resources while increased sediment loads impact downstream receiving environments, with compounding effects due to land use climate change. Models required estimate the magnitude extent of impacts on at national scale policymakers catchment managers assess future effectiveness feasibility policies mitigation plans, prioritise efforts. Commonly used load models often unable represent diversity trajectory their hydroclimatic drivers scales. We present modelling framework estimates suspended contributions from three predominant processes: mass movement, surficial erosion, streambank within respective spatial domains differencing total domains. how may change under using factors derived main driver each process. Applying this Aotearoa New Zealand, we demonstrate disproportionate increase in movement expected soft-rock hill country, <1–28 % North Island watersheds <1–8 South estimated experience 100 yield end-century, primarily driven increasing storm magnitude-frequency erosion. This results regional increases delivered coast ranging 1 233 %. Our highlight need recognise variations response when developing policy prioritising efforts, combating require different methods those contemporary management achieve objectives.

Язык: Английский

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