Floods and droughts: a multivariate perspective DOI Creative Commons
Manuela I. Brunner

Hydrology and earth system sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 27(13), С. 2479 - 2497

Опубликована: Июль 10, 2023

Abstract. Multivariate or compound hydrological-extreme events such as successive floods, large-scale droughts, consecutive drought-to-flood challenge water management and can be particularly impactful. Still, the multivariate nature of floods droughts is often ignored by studying individual characteristics only, which lead to under- overestimation risk. Studying extremes challenging because variable dependencies they are even less abundant in observational records than univariate extremes. In this review, I discuss different types hydrological their dependencies, including regional affecting multiple locations, spatially connected flood events; occurring close temporal succession, droughts; characterized characteristics, with jointly high peak discharge volume; transitions between extremes, transitions. present strategies describe model assess hazard potential, descriptors distributions return periods, stochastic large-ensemble simulation approaches. The discussed enable a perspective on allows us derive risk estimates for extreme described more one variable.

Язык: Английский

Distinct Responses of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) to Drought Intensity and Length—A Review of the Impacts of the 2003 and 2018–2019 Drought Events in Central Europe DOI Open Access
Shah Rukh, Tanja Sanders, Inken Krüger

и другие.

Forests, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(2), С. 248 - 248

Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2023

A combined severe heatwave and drought, starting in 2018 lasting for several months, restarted the discussion on resistance of European beech to climatic changes, with growth reductions, early leaf senescence, browning, diebacks reported across Central Europe. These responses may result long-term impacts such as reduced vitality beech, especially under potential future drought periods. While 2003 caused crown damage defoliation a loss vitality, resulting insect fungal infestations subsequent dieback, was even more terms geographical scale, duration, intensity reports complete mortality were exacerbated some regions by consecutive 2019 secondary attacks from pathogens, well further vitality. Such enhanced exposure trees could push them beyond their hydraulic safety margins. Moreover, legacy effects due past droughts lead lower recovery over time, potentially leading tree death. In order better predict Europe, both short- influence post-drought should be explored, adaptive forest management strategies evaluated. synergistic or additive interactions biotic disturbances, require investigation. Long-term monitoring data facilitates investigations beech.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

64
A joint framework for studying compound ecoclimatic events DOI Open Access
Ana Bastos, Sebastian Sippel,

Dorothea Frank

и другие.

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 4(5), С. 333 - 350

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2023

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

52
Plant diversity and community age stabilize ecosystem multifunctionality DOI Creative Commons
Peter Dietrich, Anne Ebeling, Sebastian T. Meyer

и другие.

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30(3)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2024

Abstract It is well known that biodiversity positively affects ecosystem functioning, leading to enhanced stability. However, this knowledge mainly based on analyses using single functions, while studies focusing the stability of multifunctionality (EMF) are rare. Taking advantage a long‐term grassland experiment, we studied effect plant diversity (1–60 species) EMF over 5 years, its temporal stability, as multifunctional resistance and resilience 2‐year drought event. Using split‐plot treatments, further tested whether shared history plants soil influences relationships. We calculated functions related higher‐trophic levels. Plant in all strengthened study period. Moreover, increased fostered reoccurring events. Old communities with showed stronger diversity–multifunctionality relationship higher than younger without histories. Our results highlight importance old biodiverse for extreme climate events world increasingly threatened by global change.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

22
Impacts on and damage to European forests from the 2018–2022 heat and drought events DOI Creative Commons

Florian Knutzen,

Paul Averbeck, Caterina Barrasso

и другие.

Natural hazards and earth system sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 25(1), С. 77 - 117

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2025

Abstract. Drought and heat events in Europe are becoming increasingly frequent due to human-induced climate change, impacting both human well-being ecosystem functioning. The intensity effects of these vary across the continent, making it crucial for decision-makers understand spatial variability drought impacts. Data on drought-related damage currently dispersed scientific publications, government reports, media outlets. This study consolidates data European forests from 2018 2022, using Europe-wide datasets including those related crown defoliation, insect damage, burnt forest areas, tree cover loss. data, covering 16 countries, were analysed four regions, northern, central, Alpine, southern, compared with a reference period 2010 2014. Findings reveal that all zones experienced reduced vitality elevated temperatures, varying severity. Central showed highest vulnerability, coniferous deciduous trees. southern zone, while affected by loss, demonstrated greater resilience, likely historical exposure. northern zone is experiencing emerging impacts less severely, possibly site-adapted boreal species, Alpine minimal impact, suggesting protective effect altitude. Key trends include (1) significant loss zones; (2) high levels despite 2021 being an average year, indicating lasting previous years; (3) notable challenges central Sweden bark beetle infestations; (4) no increase wildfire severity ongoing challenges. Based this assessment, we conclude (i) highly vulnerable heat, even resilient ecosystems at risk severe damage; (ii) tailored strategies essential mitigate change forests, incorporating regional differences resilience; (iii) effective management requires harmonised collection enhanced monitoring address future comprehensively.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

11
Heat tolerance of temperate tree species from Central Europe DOI Creative Commons
Markus Hauck, Tom Schneider,

Samuel Bahlinger

и другие.

Forest Ecology and Management, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 580, С. 122541 - 122541

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2025

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

4
High-resolution drought simulations and comparison to soil moisture observations in Germany DOI Creative Commons
Friedrich Boeing, Oldřich Rakovec, Rohini Kumar

и другие.

Hydrology and earth system sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 26(19), С. 5137 - 5161

Опубликована: Окт. 12, 2022

Abstract. Germany's 2018–2020 consecutive drought events resulted in multiple sectors – including agriculture, forestry, water management, energy production, and transport being impacted. High-resolution information systems are key to preparedness for such extreme events. This study evaluates the new setup of one-kilometer German monitor (GDM), which is based on daily soil moisture (SM) simulations from mesoscale hydrological model (mHM). The simulated SM compared against a set diverse observations single profile measurements, spatially distributed sensor networks, cosmic-ray neutron stations, lysimeters at 40 sites Germany. Our results show that agreement observed dynamics upper (0–25 cm) especially high vegetative active period (0.84 median correlation R) lower winter (0.59 R). methodological uncertainties both observations. Moderate but significant improvements between coarser 4 km resolution ≈ 1.2 GDM autumn (+0.07 (+0.12 Both setups display similar correlations dry anomaly spectrum, with higher overall larger spatial footprint. second version allows more detailed representation variability SM, particularly beneficial local risk assessments. Furthermore, underline nationwide depend appropriate cycle broad, high-quality, observational database.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

51
Increasing footprint of climate warming on flash droughts occurrence in Europe DOI Creative Commons
Jignesh Shah, Vittal Hari, Oldřich Rakovec

и другие.

Environmental Research Letters, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 17(6), С. 064017 - 064017

Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2022

Abstract Flash droughts are caused by a rapid depletion of soil moisture, and they severely affect vegetation growth agricultural production. Notwithstanding the growing importance flash under warming climate, drivers across Europe not well understood. Here we estimate changes in characteristics using ERA5 reanalysis dataset for 1950–2019 period. We find substantial increase frequency spatial extent (with 79% total area) during season with at-least one fourth domain showing two-fold recent decades. Increased occurrence drought is largely attributed to frequent warmer drier compound extremes, sharp gradient being noticed Mediterranean Central European regions. Compound meteorological extremes causing events pre-dominantly driven climate warming. With unabated greenhouse gas emissions current pace warming, likely face an increased droughts, requiring prompt response effective adaptation management strategies.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

43
Increased Sensitivity of Global Vegetation Productivity to Drought Over the Recent Three Decades DOI

Xiaonan Wei,

Wei He, Yanlian Zhou

и другие.

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 128(7)

Опубликована: Март 27, 2023

Abstract Intensified droughts have been weakening global vegetation productivity, yet how the sensitivity of productivity to drought changes over time is not well known. Here, using simulated long‐term gross primary production (GPP) with an improved two‐leaf light use efficiency model and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), we studied drought, quantified by corresponding scale SPEI strongest impact on GPP, analyzed in two periods (1993–2005 2006–2018). Compared first period, were more widespread severer around world second as evidenced increased range (increased 4.43%) intensity (SPEI03 decreased 103%). Globally, area significant correlation between GPP 25.53%, 14.75%, enhanced 13.76%; changing directions pretty similar across various types, mostly showing increasing trend. Moreover, regions consistently decreasing moisture was affected most strongly experienced greatest change (enhanced 10.99%), indicating that arid semi‐arid ecosystems should be considered a research priority future. Our results reveal strengthened recent decades climate transition regions, which could improve our understanding behavior fate terrestrial climate.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

41
Managing water across the flood-drought spectrum – experiences from and challenges for the Netherlands DOI Creative Commons
Ruud P. Bartholomeus, Karin van der Wiel, Anne F. Van Loon

и другие.

Cambridge Prisms Water, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 22

Опубликована: Май 30, 2023

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to content, full PDF via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

35
The impact of agricultural management on soil aggregation and carbon storage is regulated by climatic thresholds across a 3000 km European gradient DOI Creative Commons
Anna Edlinger, Gina Garland, Samiran Banerjee

и другие.

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 29(11), С. 3177 - 3192

Опубликована: Март 10, 2023

Organic carbon and aggregate stability are key features of soil quality important to consider when evaluating the potential agricultural soils as sinks. However, we lack a comprehensive understanding how organic (SOC) respond management across wide environmental gradients. Here, assessed impact climatic factors, properties (including land use, crop cover, diversity, fertilization, intensity) on SOC mean weight diameter aggregates, commonly used an indicator for stability, 3000 km European gradient. Soil (-56%) stocks (-35%) in topsoil (20 cm) were lower croplands compared with neighboring grassland sites (uncropped perennial vegetation little or no external inputs). Land use aridity strong drivers aggregation explaining 33% 20% variation, respectively. best explained by calcium content (20% variation) followed (15%) annual temperature (10%). We also found threshold-like pattern response aridity, values at higher aridity. The appeared be regulated these thresholds, more pronounced positive effects diversity severe negative intensity nondryland dryland regions. link sensitivity regions aggregate-mediated stabilization. presented findings relevant improving predictions structure C storage highlight need site-specific agri-environmental policies improve sequestration.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

33