A global overview of marine heatwaves in a changing climate

Communications Earth & Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 20, 2024

Abstract Marine heatwaves have profoundly impacted marine ecosystems over large areas of the world oceans, calling for improved understanding their dynamics and predictability. Here, we critically review recent substantial advances in this active area research, including exploration three-dimensional structure evolution these extremes, drivers, connection with other extremes ocean land, future projections, assessment predictability current prediction skill. To make progress on predicting projecting impacts, a more complete mechanistic full depth at relevant spatial temporal scales is needed, together models that can realistically capture leading mechanisms those scales. Sustained observing systems, as well measuring platforms be rapidly deployed, are essential to achieve comprehensive event characterizations while also chronicling evolving nature impacts our changing climate.

Язык: Английский

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The ocean losing its breath under the heatwaves

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 9, 2024

The world's oceans are under threat from the prevalence of heatwaves caused by climate change. Despite this, there is a lack understanding regarding their impact on seawater oxygen levels - crucial element in sustaining biological survival. Here, we find that can trigger low-oxygen extreme events, thereby amplifying signal deoxygenation. By utilizing situ observations and state-of-the-art model simulations, provide global assessment relationship between two types events surface ocean (0-10 m). Our results show compelling evidence remarkable surge co-occurrence marine events. Hotspots these concurrent stressors identified study, indicating this intensification more pronounced high-biomass regions than those with relatively low biomass. rise compound primarily attributable to long-term warming induced anthropogenic forcing, tandem natural internal variability modulating spatial distribution. findings suggest losing its breath influence heatwaves, potentially experiencing severe damage previously anticipated.

Язык: Английский

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Catastrophic and persistent loss of common murres after a marine heatwave

Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 386(6727), С. 1272 - 1276

Опубликована: Дек. 12, 2024

Recent marine heatwaves have had pervasive effects on ecosystems, from declines in primary production to die-offs of top predators. Seabird mortalities are often observed association with heatwaves, but population impacts not well understood. In this work, we report the rapid mortality approximately half Alaska's common murre (

Язык: Английский

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Marine Heatwaves and Iceberg Melting in Polar Areas Intensify Phytoplankton Blooms

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 31(3)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Climate change has led to increases in the intensity and frequency of marine heatwaves (MHWs). However, impact MHWs on phytoplankton at global scale remains unclear. The metaheuristic superlearner proposed this research indicates that occurrence weakens Fe limitation growth, leading intensified blooms. shock transmission effect analysis further reveals interactions among sea surface temperature (SST), iceberg melting, Fe, ammonium () nitrate (); namely, polar regions triggering a derivative melting. Compared with single event, dual disrupted effects limiting growth phytoplankton, resulting 54.90% increase rate massive reproduction regions. In addition, compared low‐emission scenario (SSP126), coverage area globally fragile respect blooms will by 5.84% under medium‐emission (SSP245) 9.29% high‐emission (SSP585). Specifically, Global South developing Pacific island countries are need scientific (marine protected guidance) financial (such as foundation for protection) assistance resist increasing expansion climate change.

Язык: Английский

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Column‐Compound Extremes in the Global Ocean

AGU Advances, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(3)

Опубликована: Май 23, 2024

Abstract Marine extreme events such as marine heatwaves, ocean acidity extremes and low oxygen can pose a substantial threat to organisms ecosystems. Such might be particularly detrimental (a) when they are compounded in more than one stressor, (b) the extend substantially across water column, restricting habitable space for organisms. Here, we use daily output of hindcast simulation (1961–2020) from component Community Earth System Model characterize column‐compound (CCX), employing relative threshold approach identify requiring them vertically over at least 50 m. The diagnosed CCX prevalent, occupying worldwide 1960s about 1% volume contained within top 300 Over duration our simulation, become intense, last longer, occupy volume, driven by trends warming acidification. For example, triple expanded 39‐fold, now 3‐times became 6‐times intense since early 1960s. Removing this effect with moving baseline permits us better understand key characteristics CCX, revealing typical 10–30 days predominant occurrence Tropics high latitudes, regions potential biological vulnerability. Overall, fall into 16 clusters, reflecting different patterns drivers. Triple largely confined tropics North Pacific tend associated El Niño‐Southern Oscillation.

Язык: Английский

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Arctic and Subarctic marine heatwaves and their ecological impacts

Frontiers in Environmental Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13

Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2025

The Arctic and Subarctic seas are predicted to become hotspots for marine heatwaves (MHWs). High-latitude ecosystems face unique consequences from accelerated warming sea ice loss, challenging species adapted cold conditions. We review the literature on MHW characteristics ecological impacts in seas, contrast between Bering Sea Barents Sea. uncover pervasive of MHWs across widely different organism groups, including benthic foundation species, phytoplankton, zooplankton, fish, seabirds, mammals. marginal especially prevalent areas experiencing retreat, such as seasonal zones, highlighting complex interplay dynamics. Overall, few studies have documented high-latitude ecosystems, with notable exception Chukchi 2017–2019. Many their narrow thermal preferences, appear vulnerable MHWs, they might not access climate refugia, while boreal benefit MHWs. Sessile kelp seagrasses, at risk during although evidence remains limited. Reproductive failure mass mortality events been several Pacific (e.g., crabs). observed ecosystem-wide repercussions northern shifts plankton communities affecting entire food web. responses still fully understood, a need further research assess direct indirect various taxa improve predictive models better management conservation strategies. can also large ecosystem services socio-ecological systems, example, closures economically valuable culturally important fisheries, seen Alaska, degradation traditional ice-hunting practices, compromised wellbeing coastal communities. Large abrupt changes following underscore urgent adaptive strategies ongoing change.

Язык: Английский

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Surface and Subsurface Compound Marine Heatwave and Biogeochemical Extremes Under Climate Change

Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 39(5)

Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2025

Abstract Marine species are increasingly threatened by extreme and compound events, as warming, deoxygenation, acidification unfold. Yet, the surface especially subsurface distribution evolution of such events remain poorly understood. We present current projected distributions marine heatwave (MHW), low oxygen (LOX), high acidity (OAX) throughout water column, using observation‐based data from 2004 to 2019 large ensemble Earth system model simulations 1890 2100. Our findings reveal that MHW‐OAX OAX‐LOX prevalent in mid latitudes at ocean surface. At 200 600 m, MHW‐LOX frequent parts tropics, while occur globally. Subsurface often associated with vertical displacements masses, climatological gradients ecosystem stressors typically explaining their occurrence patterns. Projections show a strong rise event frequency over historical period under continued global primarily driven shifts mean oceanic conditions. The portion top 2,000 m affected or rises 20 98 2°C warming emissions scenario preindustrial baseline, 30 shifting‐mean baseline. However, physical biogeochemical changes may also lead regional decreases highlighting complexities how unfold interior. Increasing poses major threat ecosystems, potentially disrupting food webs biodiversity.

Язык: Английский

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Temperature affects growth rates while dietary lipid influences condition metrics in juvenile Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 588, С. 152105 - 152105

Опубликована: Май 5, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Future changes in environmental stressors for the seamount chains of the Southeast Pacific

Frontiers in Marine Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 12

Опубликована: Май 12, 2025

The submarine seamount chains of Nazca and Salas & Gómez in the Southeast Pacific are areas high levels both biodiversity endemism. intersection ridges is strongly influenced by Eastern Boundary Upwelling System its associated oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). isolation individual seamounts their fragile ecosystems make them extremely vulnerable to any changes physical biogeochemical conditions. Here we assess how a number key variables projected change two climate scenarios using statistical approach known as quantile regression. This allows assessment trends medians well ranges extremes. Trends show consistent patterns temperature increase pH decrease over entire range (and region). Chlorophyll-a appears an majority except at coast where it decreases. However, contrasting for other variables, with ridge showing increased alongside decreasing nutrient indicative decreased upwelling despite wind stress curl stratification. Conversely, see reduction levels. Alongside these broader medians, extremes highly variable spatially less between scenarios. These will provide advantages disadvantages depending on specific species location interest. present importance classifying desired within potentially complex nature conservation unique but isolated ecosystems.

Язык: Английский

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Clustering to Characterize Extreme Marine Conditions for the Benthic Region of the Northeastern Pacific Continental Margin

Geophysical Research Letters, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 52(10)

Опубликована: Май 19, 2025

Abstract Anthropogenic emissions lead to ocean warming, deoxygenation and acidification. Superimposed on long‐term trends are episodic extremes of temperature, oxygen, acidity. Here we present an innovative method for assessing single compound using a high‐resolution regional model the Northeastern Pacific Ocean. We use unsupervised clustering approach identify regions with similar habitat characteristics near seafloor, define extreme thresholds seasonally fixed baseline (1996–2020) within each cluster, quantify fraction waters that exceed these both stressors. Compound (most commonly acidification) rare but show increasing trend in some clusters. Potential predictability occurrence is demonstrated by correlation basin‐scale climate variability.

Язык: Английский

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