Does Artificial Intelligence (AI) enhance green economy efficiency? The role of green finance, trade openness, and R&D investment

Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2025

Abstract Marine fisheries constitute a crucial component of global green development, where artificial intelligence (AI) plays an essential role in enhancing economic efficiency associated with marine fisheries. This study utilizes panel data from 11 coastal provinces and municipalities China 2009 to 2020, employing the entropy method super-efficiency EBM model calculate AI index Based on these calculations, we utilize fixed effects models, moderation effect threshold models examine impact The reveals that: (i) From has significantly improved overall, while shown fluctuating trend, substantial regional disparities. (ii) enhances (iii) Green finance, trade openness, R&D investment act as moderating variables, accelerating development further improving (iv) varies across different intervals investment. These findings are for understanding advancing informatization strategy hold significant implications sustainable

Язык: Английский

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Global Carbon Budget 2024

Earth system science data, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(3), С. 965 - 1039

Опубликована: Март 14, 2025

Abstract. Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate is critical to better understand global cycle, support development policies, project future change. Here we describe synthesize datasets methodologies quantify five major components budget uncertainties. Fossil CO2 (EFOS) are based on energy statistics cement production data, while from land-use change (ELUC) data bookkeeping models. Atmospheric concentration measured directly, its growth rate (GATM) computed annual changes concentration. The net uptake by ocean (SOCEAN, called sink) estimated with biogeochemistry models observation-based fCO2 products (fCO2 fugacity CO2). land (SLAND, dynamic vegetation Additional lines evidence sinks provided atmospheric inversions, oxygen measurements, Earth system sum all sources results imbalance (BIM), measure imperfect incomplete understanding contemporary cycle. All uncertainties reported as ±1σ. For year 2023, EFOS increased 1.3 % relative 2022, fossil at 10.1 ± 0.5 GtC yr−1 (10.3 when carbonation sink not included), ELUC was 1.0 0.7 yr−1, for total emission (including 11.1 0.9 (40.6 3.2 GtCO2 yr−1). Also, GATM 5.9 0.2 (2.79 0.1 ppm yr−1; denotes parts per million), SOCEAN 2.9 0.4 SLAND 2.3 near-zero BIM (−0.02 averaged over 2023 reached 419.31 ppm. Preliminary 2024 suggest an increase +0.8 (−0.2 1.7 %) globally 2.87 ppm, reaching 422.45 52 above pre-industrial level (around 278 1750). Overall, mean trend consistently period 1959–2023, overall imbalance, although discrepancies up around 1 persist representation semi-decadal variability fluxes. Comparison estimates multiple approaches observations shows following: (1) persistent large uncertainty estimate emissions, (2) low agreement between different methods magnitude flux northern extra-tropics, (3) discrepancy sink. This living-data update documents applied this most recent well evolving community presented work available https://doi.org/10.18160/GCP-2024 (Friedlingstein et al., 2024).

Язык: Английский

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An Assessment of CO₂ Storage and Sea‐Air Fluxes for the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea Between 1985 and 2018

Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 38(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

Abstract As part of the second phase Regional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes project (RECCAP2), we present an assessment carbon cycle Atlantic Ocean, including Mediterranean Sea, between 1985 2018 using global ocean biogeochemical models (GOBMs) estimates based on surface dioxide (CO 2 ) partial pressure (pCO products) interior dissolved inorganic observations. Estimates basin‐wide long‐term mean net annual CO uptake GOBMs pCO products are in reasonable agreement (−0.47 ± 0.15 PgC yr −1 −0.36 0.06 , respectively), with higher GOBM‐based likely being a consequence deficit representation natural outgassing land derived carbon. In GOBMs, increases time at rates close to what one would expect from atmospheric increase, but estimate rate twice as fast. The largest disagreement flux is found north 50°N, coinciding seasonal interannual variability. accumulation anthropogenic (C ant over 1994–2007 Ocean 0.52 0.11 according 28% 20% lower than that Around 70% this C taken up atmosphere, while remainder imported Southern through lateral transport.

Язык: Английский

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Observational and Numerical Modeling Constraints on the Global Ocean Biological Carbon Pump

Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 38(7)

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2024

Abstract This study characterized ocean biological carbon pump metrics in the second iteration of REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes (RECCAP2) project. The analysis here focused on comparisons global biome‐scale regional patterns particulate organic (POC) production sinking flux from RECCAP2 biogeochemical model ensemble against observational products derived satellite remote sensing, sediment traps, geochemical methods. There was generally good model‐data agreement mean large‐scale spatial patterns, but with substantial spread across products. global‐integrated, ensemble‐mean export production, taken as POC at 100 m (6.08 ± 1.17 Pg C yr −1 ), ratio defined divided by net primary (0.154 0.026) both fell lower end estimates. Comparison constraints also suggested that may have underestimated CO 2 drawdown air‐sea high productivity regions. Reasonable found for into deep 1,000 (0.65 0.24 ) transfer efficiency (0.122 0.041), variables exhibiting considerable variability. presents standard assessing skill, are crucial further modeling efforts to resolve remaining uncertainties involving system‐level interactions between physics biogeochemistry.

Язык: Английский

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Drivers of decadal trends in the ocean carbon sink in the past, present, and future in Earth system models

Biogeosciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 21(17), С. 3903 - 3926

Опубликована: Сен. 4, 2024

Abstract. The ocean and the land biosphere are two major sinks of anthropogenic carbon at present. When emissions become zero temperatures stabilize, is projected to dominant only global natural sink carbon. Despite ocean's importance for cycle hence climate, uncertainties about decadal variability in this underlying drivers remain large because observing detecting changes over time challenging. main tools that used provide annually resolved estimates last decades observation-based pCO2 products extrapolate sparse observations space biogeochemical models forced with atmospheric reanalysis data. However, these (i) limited 3 7 decades, which hinders statistical analyses trends; (ii) all based on same internal climate state, makes it impossible separate externally internally contributions (iii) cannot assess robustness future, especially when decline or cease entirely. Here, I use an ensemble 12 Earth system (ESMs) from phase 6 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) understand trends past, present, future sink. simulations by ESMs span period 1850 2100 include four different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), low high mitigation mitigation. Using ensemble, show 80 % can be explained CO2 as long remains smaller than 4.5 Pg C yr−1. remaining 20 due heat uptake, result a loss ocean. exceeds yr−1, occurs high-emission SSP3-7.0 SSP5-8.5, rises faster, change accelerates, overturning chemical capacity take up atmosphere reduce, so substantially estimated trends. breakdown relationship both pathways also implies increase effectively ∼1 yr−1 dec−1 pathways, even if trend continues increase. Previously proposed drivers, such growth rate CO2, explain specific periods, example, during exponential growth, but fail start decrease again. robust suggests very positive negative some highly unlikely around 2000 likely products.

Язык: Английский

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Comment on essd-2024-519

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2025

Abstract. Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate is critical to better understand global cycle, support development policies, project future change. Here we describe synthesise datasets methodologies quantify five major components budget uncertainties. Fossil CO₂ (E_FOS) are based on energy statistics cement production data, while from land-use change (E_LUC) data bookkeeping models. Atmospheric concentration measured directly, its growth rate (G_ATM) computed annual changes concentration. The ocean sink (S_OCEAN) estimated with biogeochemistry models observation-based fCO₂-products. (S_LAND) dynamic vegetation Additional lines evidence land sinks provided by atmospheric inversions, oxygen measurements Earth System Models. sum all sources results imbalance (B_IM), measure imperfect incomplete understanding contemporary cycle. All uncertainties reported as ±1σ. For year 2023, E_FOS increased 1.3 % relative 2022, fossil at 10.1 ± 0.5 GtC yr^-1 (10.3 when carbonation not included), E_LUC was 1.0 0.7 yr^-1, for total emission (including sink) 11.1 0.9 (40.6 3.2 GtCO₂ yr^-1). Also, G_ATM 5.9 0.2 (2.79 0.1 ppm yr^-1), S_OCEAN 2.9 0.4 S_LAND 2.3 near zero B_IM (-0.02 averaged over 2023 reached 419.3 ppm. Preliminary 2024, suggest an increase +0.8 (-0.3 1.9 %) globally, 2.8 reaching 422.5 ppm, 52 above pre-industrial level (around 278 1750). Overall, mean trend consistently period 1959–2023, near-zero overall imbalance, although discrepancies up around 1 persist representation semi-decadal variability fluxes. Comparison estimates multiple approaches observations shows: (1) persistent large uncertainty estimate emissions, (2) low agreement between different methods magnitude flux northern extra-tropics, (3) discrepancy sink. This living update documents applied this most-recent well evolving community presented work available https://doi.org/10.18160/GCP-2024 (Friedlingstein et al., 2024).

Язык: Английский

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Ocean carbon sink assessment via temperature and salinity data assimilation into a global ocean biogeochemistry model

Ocean science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 21(1), С. 437 - 471

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2025

Abstract. Global ocean biogeochemistry models are frequently used to derive a comprehensive estimate of the global carbon uptake. These designed represent most important processes cycle, but idealized process representation and uncertainties in initialization model variables lead errors their predictions. Here, observations physics (temperature salinity) assimilated into FESOM2.1-REcoM3 over period 2010–2020 study effect on air–sea dioxide (CO2) flux other biogeochemical (BGC) variables. The assimilation nearly halves model–observation differences sea surface temperature salinity, with modest effects modeled ecosystem CO2 fluxes. main occur small scales highly dynamic regions, which pose challenges models. Its largest imprint is Southern Ocean during winter. South 50° S, winter outgassing reduced; thus regional uptake increases by 0.18 Pg C yr−1 through assimilation. Other particularly strong located area North Atlantic Current (NAC). However, comparatively increase 0.05 induced assimilation, yielding mean 2.78 for 2010–2020.

Язык: Английский

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Composite model-based estimate of the ocean carbon sink from 1959 to 2022

Biogeosciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 22(6), С. 1631 - 1649

Опубликована: Март 28, 2025

Abstract. The ocean takes up around one-quarter of anthropogenically emitted carbon and is projected to remain the main sink once global temperatures stabilize. Despite importance this natural sink, estimates its strength over last decades uncertain, mainly due too few unevenly sampled observations shortcomings in models their setups. Here, I present a composite model-based estimate annually averaged from 1959 2022 by combining higher-frequency variability hindcast mode long-term trends fully coupled Earth system models. Ocean reproduce observed climate variability, but spin-up strategy likely leads that are weak, whereas simulate own internal better represent trends. By these two modelling approaches, keep each approach remove respective weaknesses. This 125±8 Pg C similar magnitude best Global Carbon Budget 70 % less uncertain.

Язык: Английский

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CO₂ Uptake in the Pacific From 1985 to 2018: A Comparative Assessment of Observation‐ and Model‐Based Estimates

Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 39(5)

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

Abstract As a contribution to the second REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes effort, we compare net anthropogenic sea‐air CO 2 fluxes, accumulation rates in ocean interior their trends Pacific Ocean by analyzing results from state‐of‐the‐art observation‐based estimates global biogeochemistry models (GOBMs) over period 1985–2018. The ensemble‐mean fluxes integrated (44°S–62°N) are −0.41 ± 0.12 PgC yr −1 p products −0.51 0.16 GOBMs. flux GOBMs (−0.71 0.10 ) is 1.4 times as large flux, with particularly uptake equatorial region (−0.34 0.03 significantly offsetting natural outgassing there (+0.72 0.06 ). basin‐wide has increased at similar mean of −0.09 −0.08 0.02 decade GOBMs, respectively, comparable increase −0.10 0.01 However, notable mismatch trend change that exists between (+0.00 (−0.04 yet be resolved. rate +0.76 0.17 . This nearly balanced also encompassed previous estimates.

Язык: Английский

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Advancing ocean monitoring and knowledge for societal benefit: the urgency to expand Argo to OneArgo by 2030

Frontiers in Marine Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 12

Опубликована: Июнь 2, 2025

The ocean plays an essential role in regulating Earth’s climate, influencing weather conditions, providing sustenance for large populations, moderating anthropogenic climate change, encompassing massive biodiversity, and sustaining the global economy. Human activities are changing oceans, stressing health, threatening critical services provides to society, with significant consequences human well-being safety, economic prosperity. Effective sustainable monitoring of physical, biogeochemical state ecosystem structure ocean, enable adaptation, carbon management marine resource is urgently needed. Argo program, a cornerstone Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS), has revolutionized observation by real-time, freely accessible temperature salinity data upper 2,000m (Core Argo) using cost-effective simple robotics. For past 25 years, have underpinned many forecasting services, playing fundamental safeguarding goods lives. enabled clearer assessments warming, sea level change underlying driving processes, as well scientific breakthroughs while supporting public awareness education. Building on Argo’s success, OneArgo aims greatly expand capabilities 2030, expanding full-ocean depth, collecting parameters, observing rapidly polar regions. Providing synergistic subsurface extension several key space-based Earth Observation missions GOOS components, will new long-term predictions which deep component. Driving forward revolution our understanding ecosystems poorly-measured be instrumental assess fluxes, acidification deoxygenation. Emerging applications include views mixing, bathymetry sediment transport, resilience assessment. Implementing requires about $100 million annually, increase compared present funding. strategic investment provide decision-makers, both government industry, knowledge needed navigate future environmental challenges, safeguard wellbeing generations come.

Язык: Английский

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