
Land, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(4), С. 749 - 749
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025
Precisely detecting and attributing changes in vegetation greenness is crucial for sustainable ecosystem management. The normalized difference index (NDVI) highly responsive to cover essential assessing dynamics. This study integrates a digital elevation model (DEM) with climate data (temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration, solar radiation) MODIS-NDVI imagery (2000–2019) investigate NDVI fluctuations their correlation change the central Himalaya. Trend analysis of time-series examined response influenced by elevation, aspect, slope. results revealed significant spatial temporal variations, an overall increase 0.01 per decade (p < 0.05), indicating gradual improvement, though 26.3% area (107,138 km2) showed decreasing trend. trends increased peaking at 2000–2500 m, then declined up 4000 where they stabilized. While varied across slopes, were independent aspect. Spearman elevation-dependent responses climate. Below 1000 masl, was negatively correlated temperature evapotranspiration positively precipitation. At higher elevations (>4000 masl), NDVI, suggesting warming supports growth. These findings highlight complex interactions between vegetation, climate, topography that are targeted
Язык: Английский