Projected alcohol demand in college students with heavy drinking
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2025
Measures
of
the
relative
reinforcing
value
alcohol
(i.e.,
demand)
are
associated
with
concurrent
and
future
rates
use.
Given
that
college-age
young
adults
may
fail
to
predict
escalation
substance
use,
present
project
explores
novel
construct
projected
demand
by
college
students
who
engage
in
heavy
drinking
whether
it
can
During
an
initial
session,
participants
completed
a
standard
purchase
task,
task
"three
months
from
now"),
measures
past-month
consumption
risk.
follow-up
session
3
later,
another
We
found
(n
=
40)
increases
for
but
did
not
exhibit
subsequent
changes
demand.
In
addition,
were
However,
when
baseline
use
risk
included
as
additional
predictors,
was
unique
predictor
The
current
study
signals
potential
demand,
which
contrasted
lend
predictive
utility
on
trajectories
Язык: Английский
Human laboratory models of reward in substance use disorder
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
241, С. 173803 - 173803
Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2024
Язык: Английский
Examining the effect of cannabis cues on cannabis demand in sleep, driving, and typical drug-use contexts
Drug and Alcohol Dependence,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
254, С. 111057 - 111057
Опубликована: Дек. 9, 2023
Given
the
expanding
legal
cannabis
market
in
U.S.,
it
is
vital
to
understand
how
context
impacts
use.
Therefore,
we
explored
effect
of
cues
and
cannabis-use
on
demand
79
adults
who
reported
smoking
at
least
weekly.
Participants
completed
a
single
laboratory
session
consisting
four
hypothetical
marijuana
purchase
tasks
(MPTs)
involving
either
typical
use
situation
or
driving
sleep
context.
The
MPTs
were
alternated
with
exposure
neutral
picture
based
block
randomization
by
gender.
Cannabis
increased
self-reported
craving
for
(p
=.044)
but
did
not
significantly
alter
(ps
=0.093–0.845).
In
context,
participants
demonstrated
significant
reduction
demand,
indicated
lower
intensity
<0.001),
Omax
Pmax
breakpoint
=.003),
higher
α
<0.001).
was
associated
greater
<0.006)
nonsignificant
effects
other
indices
=0.123–0.707).
Finally,
=.013)
=.035)
typical-use
These
findings
suggest
that
behavior
sensitive
contingencies
surrounding
after
may
also
be
contexts
presence
cues.
Since
this
first
study
examine
contexts,
caution
against
drawing
broad
conclusions
until
future
research
conducted
replicate
these
findings.
Язык: Английский
Operant demand and public health
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Дек. 26, 2024
The
field
of
"behavioral
economics"
was
launched
by
two
Journal
the
Experimental
Analysis
Behavior
articles
from
Hursh
in
1980s
(Hursh,
1980,
1984).
Hursh's
behavioral
economics
operant
variety,
focusing
on
contingencies
and
reinforcer
constraints
as
influences
response
patterns.
This
perspective
differed
dramatically
coincidentally
coinciding
emergence
cognitive
variety
that
focused
prospect
theory
biases.
divergence
persists
today,
with
existing
a
separate
scholarly
enterprise
(Costa
et
al.,
2019;
Reed,
Niileksela,
2013).
For
remainder
this
article,
any
reference
to
refers
unless
otherwise
stated.
Behavioral
primarily
comprises
major
emphases:
reward
discounting
demand.
However,
special
issue
focuses
specifically
Operant
demand
is
study
consumption
amidst
increasing
per
law
(Samuelson,
1937)—an
idea
translated
microeconomic
principles.
In
perspective,
behavior
exchanged
for
delivery,
whereby
unit
price
can
be
understood
amount
needing
expended
one
(Hursh
1988).
That
is,
ratio
units,
which
typically
conceptualized
primary
independent
variable
analyses.
As
demand,
decreases
increases,
most
often
nonlinear
(e.g.,
hyperbolic-like
or
exponential)
function.
multifaceted
construct
provides
several
quantitative
measures
relative
efficacy
curve
Demand
curves
are
generated
plotting
function
price,
using
mathematical
(Gilroy
2021;
&
Silberberg,
2008;
Koffarnus
2022;
Newman
Ferrario,
2020).
These
depicted
analyzed
log–log
space
permit
better
clarity
interpretation
proportional
relations
price.
yield
facets
interest
economists.
First,
intensity
number
reinforcers
consumed
at
no
minimal
Second,
elasticity
change
associated
each
When
plotted
space,
equates
point
slope
curve.
Elasticity
discussed
terms
α
(i.e.,
alpha),
fitted
parameter
describing
rate
across
2020;
2008).
Third,
Pmax
maximum
price)
exactly
−1.00,
meaning
one-unit
increase
met
precisely
decrease
2019);
elasticity,
where
shifts
inelastic
less
than
elastic
greater
price).
Fourth,
work
total
responses
emitted
output
equal
quantity
multiplied
called
Omax
occurs
Pmax.
useful
companion
because
it
captures
degree
dominates
organism.
Fifth,
essential
value
calculated
singular
metric
persistence
increases
curve,
incorporating
its
calculation
(Gilroy,
2023).
Finally,
some
researchers
also
examine
break
point,
traditional
measure
progressive-ratio
studies
simply
quantifies
ceases.
aforementioned
lend
themselves
well
addressing
issues
social
importance
reasons.
analyses
mathematically
precise
describe
predict
prices
consummatory
robust
objective
serve
baseline
comparisons
made
when
an
introduced
new
rendered.
policy
makers
enjoy
language
metrics
readily
translatable
meaningful
conversations.
inherently
addresses
influence
cost,
standard
lever
changing
consumer
behavior—for
example,
costs
levied
through
taxation/tariffs
manipulating
burden
promote
thwart
consumption.
Understanding
manipulated
potent
information
decision
who
considering
mechanisms
behavior.
these
reasons,
unsurprising
has
become
powerful
tool
public
pursuits
1991;
Roma,
2013;
Gelino,
Strickland,
Roma
2017).
health
first
realized
during
cocaine
crisis
1990s.
concept
became
formalized,
United
States
reeling
epidemic
desperate
need
novel
solutions.
conceptualization
leveraging
inform
drug
1991)
materialized
around
same
time
economists
such
Warren
Bickel
Steve
Higgins
were
beginning
translate
economic
approaches
nonhuman
literature
understanding
human
self-administration
(Bickel
1990,
1993).
proved
incredibly
helpful
use,
blazing
trail
further
translation
various
concerns.
Since
1990s
self-administration,
been
successfully
applied
host
concerns,
alcohol
use
(Kaplan,
Foster,
2018;
Morris
2017;
Murphy
MacKillop,
2006),
tobacco
(Jacobs
Bickel,
1999;
MacKillop
Reed
2020),
illicit
drugs
(Berry
2023;
Greenwald
Hursh,
2006;
Campbell,
cannabis
(Aston
2017,
Collins
2014),
healthy
eating
(Epstein,
Paluch,
Epstein,
Stein,
Sze
2017),
ultraviolet
indoor
tanning
(Becirevic,
Amlung,
Becirevic,
Murphy,
2016),
medication
uptake
Jarmolowicz
Strickland
2023),
risky
sexual
activities
(Gebru
2024;
Harsin
Marks,
texting
driving
(Hayashi,
Foreman,
Hayashi,
Friedel,
2019),
environmental
policies
(Gelino
Kaplan,
Partington,
2013),
name
few.
Beyond
socially
important
behaviors,
have
simulated
potential
interventions
model
effects
topics
pandemic
mitigation
strategies
(Strickland,
2022),
safe
late-night
transportation
options
2024),
excise
taxation
(Grace
2015),
happy
hour
drinking
(Kaplan
2018),
changes
menthol
regulations
smoking
(O'Connor
2012),
legalization
recreational
(Amlung
2019).
tasks
shown
promising
predictive
validity,
wherein
assessed
actual
choices
following
methods
documented
convergence
between
what
participants
said
they
would
do
ultimately
did
Schwartz
Dayton,
2022).
breadth
visualized
Figure
1
(interactive
version
available
https://tinyurl.com/OperantDemandVOS)
bibliometric
network
plot
VosViewer
(van
Eck
Waltman,
2010).
Specifically,
we
searched
all
lens.org
terms:
"operant,"
economics,"
"demand."
search
returned
201
articles,
then
regarding
source
citations
journals
publishing
those
papers
cite
another).
Six
clusters
emerged,
color-coded
1.
red
cluster
(anchored
Analyst)
appears
comprise
broad
applications
analysis,
emphases
psychology
Aids
Behavior,
Social
Issues).
blue
Behavior)
represent
translational
demonstrations
experimental
analysis
Behavioural
Processes,
Current
Addiction
Reports).
purple
Psychopharmacology)
psychobiology
pharmacology
Drug
Alcohol
Dependence,
Tobacco
Regulatory
Science).
green
Psychological
Record)
represents
analytic
Practice,
Animal
Learning
Behavior).
yellow
Neuropsychopharmacology)
neuroscience
psychiatric
extensions
Pharmacology,
Translational
Psychiatry).
size
circles
journal
journal.
Connecting
lines
demonstrate
journals.
showing
publication
outlets
topics,
visualizes
interconnectedness
research—work
domain
affects
others.
2016).
growth
topic
area
prompted
call
issue.1
Our
goal
show
present
research
will
spark
endeavors.
features
six
see
three
domains:
(1)
valuation
policy-relevant
behavior,
(2)
interventions,
(3)
expansion
into
domains.
dynamics
behaviors
critical
designing
effective
prevention
intervention
(Reed,
Martínez-Herrada
colleagues'
"Distribution
Schedule-Induced
Behaviors
Depends
Essential
Value
Reinforcer,"
excellent
preclinical
demonstrates
utility
applications.
inclusion
issue,
given
recent
discussion
unifying
models
colleagues
examined
development
schedule-induced
(SID)
rats
under
fixed-time
reinforcement
schedules.
how
preference—operationalized
derived
curves—affects
competition
adjunctive
like
SID.
study,
receiving
their
least
preferred
food
pellets
demonstrated
higher
rates
pellets,
particularly
shorter
interfood
intervals.
findings
suggest
reinforcers,
even
equally
nutritious,
encourage
terminal
magazine
entries,
competing
implications
extend
beyond
basic
processes.
By
basis
directed
modifying
preferences
healthier
behaviors.
improve
taste
availability
nutritious
foods
could
reduce
options,
aligning
broader
goals
address
obesity
other
approach
affords
internal
validity
isolate
controlling
variables—this
level
springboard
affairs.
Moving
research,
"Reward
Deprivation
Emerging
Adults,"
deprivation
among
young
adults.
Their
used
purchase
indices
socioeconomic
stress
enrichment)
modulate
alcohol's
reinforcing
value.
increased
alcohol,
evidenced
reduced
sensitivity.
results
align
theories
suggesting
limited
access
substance-free
rewards
enhances
addictive
substances.
elucidating
dynamics,
article
actionable
insights
makers,
emphasizing
create
environments
rich
alternatives
mitigate
addiction
risks
(see
Witkiewitz
Tucker,
2024).
Miller
"Exploring
Suitability
Cannabis
Use
Next-Day
Responsibilities:
A
Economic
Qualitative
Study,"
context
modified
marijuana
task.
Participants
completed
hypothetical
scenarios
involving
varying
next-day
responsibility
conditions,
work,
caregiving,
leisure.
indicated
significant
reductions
anticipated
responsibilities
requiring
focus
care,
job
interviews
childcare.
Interestingly,
participants'
perceptions
suitability—using
qualitative
thematic
analyses—were
closely
linked
indices,
perceived
compatibility
leading
highlights
subtle
role
individual
contextual
factors
shaping
substance
decisions,
offering
campaigns
workplace
policies.
We
applaud
authors'
help
interpretations
view
exemplar
expanding
our
methodology
best
answer
questions.
introduction
editorial,
influential
domains
methodologies,
tools
reveal
Importantly,
ability
test
advance
unique
advantage
Edgemon
"Comparing
Intervening
Snack
Foods
Among
Justice-Involved
Adolescents:
Preliminary
Analysis,"
frameworks
disparities
vulnerable
populations.
commodity
task
assess
high-
low-energy-density
snack
adolescents
juvenile
residential
treatment
facilities.
observed
high-energy-density
exhibited
highlighting
preferences.
nutritional
shifted
reducing
unhealthy
options.
improving
long-term
outcomes,
marginalized
adaptability
allows
explore
diverse
applications,
rendering
highly
advantageous
exploring
Decades
works
resulted
gold-standard
measuring
making
easier
while
remaining
conceptually
systematic
anchored
extant
literature.
section
includes
methodologies
innovative
areas.
Day-Watkins
"Optimizing
Variables
Contingency
Management
Infant
Caregivers
Using
Simulated
Purchase
Task,"
investigates
caregiver
infant
sleep
environments.
willingness-to-accept
framework
financial
incentives
adherence
American
Academy
Pediatrics
(AAP)
guidelines.
larger
rates,
underscoring
contingency
management
safety.
An
finding,
however,
modulated
caregivers'
impressions
intervention's
validity.
application
maternal
child
health.
Battaglia
"Assessing
Differential
Personal
Information
Discounting
Hypothetical
Payment
Tasks
University
Students,"
explores
personal
cybersecurity
contexts.
To
date,
not
cybersecurity,
despite
science.
tasks,
individuals
different
types
information,
data,
pricing
conditions.
Findings
revealed
differences
data
types,
commanding
highest
enhancing
protecting
privacy.
science
history
targeting
efficient
means
Public
attractive
far-reaching
emphasis
contexts
spur
Fawcett
emerged
mechanism
via
2016;
published
recognition
demand's
promise
policy.
illustrate
versatility
wide
array
societal
challenges.
From
domains,
profound
collection
power
drive
themes:
continues
evolve,
likely
expand
further,
opportunities
emerging
challenges
health,
technology,
beyond.
contributions
underscore
evidence-based
All
authors
contributed
article.
declare
conflict
interest.
No
animal
subjects
produce
Data
sharing
applicable
sets
it.
Язык: Английский
Prospective associations of behavioral economic demand for cannabis and alcohol with simultaneous cannabis and alcohol use among young adults.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
32(5), С. 529 - 541
Опубликована: Июнь 20, 2024
Behavioural
economic
demand
for
cannabis
and
alcohol
is
robustly
associated
with
use
use,
respectively.However,
few
studies
have
examined
the
contributions
of
to
simultaneous
which
common
among
young
adults.We
prospective
associations
propensity
(broadly
defined
as
using
both
in
same
day)
consumption
during
days
adults.Young
adults
reporting
(N=107)
completed
a
Marijuana
Purchase
Task
assessing
an
Alcohol
demand.They
then
daily
smartphone
surveys
over
21
use.Multilevel
models
revealed
that
higher
(i.e.,
Omax,
Pmax,
intensity;
lower
elasticity)
was
uniquely
greater
relative
nonuse.In
addition,
(lower
cannabis-only
(higher
breakpoint
alcohol-only
use.Further,
limited
days,
were
overall
flower
consumption,
consumption.Results
suggest
individual
differences
may
contribute
behaviours
substance-specific
pattern.Further,
more
strongly
drive
tendency
engage
(versus
non-use)
demand.
Язык: Английский