Optimizing exposure therapy with an inhibitory retrieval approach and the OptEx Nexus

Behaviour Research and Therapy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 152, С. 104069 - 104069

Опубликована: Март 14, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Toward a Better Understanding of the Mechanisms and Pathophysiology of Anhedonia: Are We Ready for Translation?

American Journal of Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 179(7), С. 458 - 469

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2022

Anhedonia—the loss of pleasure or lack reactivity to pleasurable stimuli—remains a formidable treatment challenge across neuropsychiatric disorders. In major depressive disorder, anhedonia has been linked poor disease course, worse response psychological, pharmacological, and neurostimulation treatments, increased suicide risk. Moreover, although some neural abnormalities normalize after successful treatment, several persist—for example, blunted activation the ventral striatum reward-related cues reduced functional connectivity involving striatum. Critically, these have also identified in unaffected, never-depressed children parents with disorder found prospectively predict first onset depression. Thus, may be promising targets for prevention. Despite appreciation clinical importance its underlying mechanisms, important gaps remain. this overview, author summarizes extant knowledge about pathophysiology anhedonia, which provide road map toward novel prevention strategies, then highlights priorities facilitate clinically meaningful breakthroughs. These include need 1) appropriately controlled trials, especially those embracing an experimental therapeutics approach probe target engagement; 2) preclinical models relevant stronger translational value; 3) scales that incorporate neuroscientific advances our understanding anhedonia. The concludes by highlighting future directions, emphasizing integrated, collaborative, cross-species, multilevel tackling anhedonic phenotypes.

Язык: Английский

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Positive affect treatment targets reward sensitivity: A randomized controlled trial.

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 91(6), С. 350 - 366

Опубликована: Март 9, 2023

Determine whether a novel psychosocial treatment for positive affect improves clinical status and reward sensitivity more than form of cognitive behavioral therapy that targets negative improvements in correlate with status.

Язык: Английский

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Psychoneuroimmunology: An Introduction to Immune-to-Brain Communication and Its Implications for Clinical Psychology

Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 19(1), С. 331 - 359

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2023

Research conducted over the past several decades has revolutionized our understanding of role immune system in neural and psychological development function across life span. Our goal this review is to introduce dynamic area research a audience highlight its relevance for clinical psychology. We begin by introducing basic physiology immune-to-brain signaling neuroimmune network, focusing on inflammation. Drawing from preclinical research, we then examine effects activation key domains, including positive negative valence systems, social processes, cognition, arousal (fatigue, sleep), as well links with disorders (depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, schizophrenia). also consider psychosocial critical modulator activity focus early adversity. Finally, mind–body interventions that influence may promote resilience.

Язык: Английский

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Looking beyond depression: a meta-analysis of the effect of behavioral activation on depression, anxiety, and activation

Psychological Medicine, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 51(9), С. 1491 - 1504

Опубликована: Март 6, 2020

Abstract Background Depression is a prevalent and impairing condition. Behavioral activation (BA) parsimonious, cost-effective, easily disseminated psychological intervention for depression. The current meta-analysis expands on the existing literature supporting efficacy of BA depression by examining effects additional relevant outcomes patients with depression, namely reduction in anxiety symptoms increase activation. Methods Randomized controlled trials compared to active inactive control were identified via systematic review. Effect sizes using Hedges's g calculated each outcome both random models. Subgroup analyses used examine inclusion discussion values as moderator symptom BA. Results Twenty-eight studies included. Meta-analyses change between groups from baseline-to-post indicated that outperformed conditions improvements ( = 0.83), 0.37), 0.64). difference was not significant 0.15), 0.03), 0.04). There no evidence augmenting efficacy. Study quality generally low, there publication bias. Conclusions In addition improving shows reducing increasing may offer better relative other interventions. room improvement research this area.

Язык: Английский

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Affect Recall Bias: Being Resilient by Distorting Reality

Cognitive Therapy and Research, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 44(5), С. 906 - 918

Опубликована: Июнь 11, 2020

Abstract Background According to a growing body of literature, people are quite inaccurate in recalling past affective experiences. Nevertheless, the mechanism underlying this recall bias (i.e., tendency overestimate and/or underestimate positive or negative emotional experiences) remains unclear, and its association with mental health has not been studied yet. Methods We adopted smartphone-based Ecological Momentary Assessment monitor daily affect (n = 92) investigate between bias, resilience. Results While experiences was observed participants reporting mild depressive symptoms, (PA) overestimation as compared PA underestimation associated better (i.e. higher psychological well-being lower anxiety symptoms) through enhancement Furthermore, positively biased over estimators) benefited from greater well-being, even when accurate individuals. Conclusions appear use retrospective strategy enhance resilience, they likely feel better. Accordingly, owning an optimistic vision may represent adaptive “distortion” reality that fosters people’s health. The clinical implications cultivating learning strategies regulate both emotions discussed.

Язык: Английский

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A complex systems approach to the study of change in psychotherapy

BMC Medicine, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 18(1)

Опубликована: Июль 14, 2020

A growing body of research highlights the limitations traditional methods for studying process change in psychotherapy. The science complex systems offers a useful paradigm patterns psychopathology and development more functional Some basic principles are presented from subdisciplines complexity that particularly relevant to psychotherapy: dynamical theory, synergetics, network theory. Two early warning signs system transition have been identified across sciences (critical fluctuations critical slowing) also described. destabilization (NDT) model therapeutic is as conceptual framework import these psychotherapy suggest future directions.A approach has number implications research. We describe important design considerations, targets research, analytic tools can be used conduct this type research.A both viable necessary fully capture dynamics human processes. Research date suggests nonlinear periods increased variability slowing might signals psychotherapy, they other nature. Psychotherapy limited by small samples infrequent assessment, but ambulatory electronic now allow researchers realize potential concepts science.

Язык: Английский

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Conceptualizing eating disorder psychopathology using an anxiety disorders framework: Evidence and implications for exposure-based clinical research

Clinical Psychology Review, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 83, С. 101952 - 101952

Опубликована: Ноя. 11, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Changes in Positive and Negative Affect During Pharmacological Treatment and Cognitive Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder: A Secondary Analysis of Two Randomized Controlled Trials

Clinical Psychological Science, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 8(1), С. 36 - 51

Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2019

The cardinal symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) are heightened depressed mood (negative affectivity, or NA) and diminished interest pleasure (positive PA). It is unknown how well treatments for MDD repair either symptom. Two secondary analyses randomized controlled trials were therefore conducted. In Study 1, 180 adult outpatients with received 16 weeks antidepressant medication (ADM; n = 120) cognitive therapy (CT; 60). 2, treated until remission ADM ( 225) CT 227). Across treatments, intake disturbances more marked in PA than NA, there was smaller NA during treatment, remained pronounced after treatment. Greater change independently associated depression symptom change. These findings suggest that effectively outcomes may be improved effective targeting the latter.

Язык: Английский

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Predictors of Adolescent Resilience During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cognitive Reappraisal and Humor

Journal of Adolescent Health, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 69(5), С. 729 - 736

Опубликована: Авг. 9, 2021

Язык: Английский

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