Examining the factor structure of the home learning environment

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 252, С. 106186 - 106186

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Psychological Determinants of Conflict with the Law and Susceptibility to Rehabilitation in Relation to the Presence of Symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Brain Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(2), С. 141 - 141

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2025

Background/Objectives: Many prison-sentenced individuals exhibit symptoms of mental dysfunctions, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The presence co-occurring disorders further complicates their rehabilitation and social reintegration efforts. Given these challenges, understanding the role specific disorders, such as ADHD, is critical for developing targeted interventions tailored to needs incarcerated improving outcomes. This research aimed clarify relationships among hyperactivity, criminal behavior, psychological functioning inform preventative therapeutic strategies. Methods: study investigated complex interplay (ADHD) symptoms, various factors in a sample 391 male inmates from low-security Polish prisons control group non-offending men. Principal component analysis (PCA) Spearman's rank correlation were used analyze ADHD severity, type crime (no crime, property involving aggression), family functioning, childhood trauma, early maladaptive schemas, health disorders. Results: results revealed that while traumatic experiences present across all groups, stronger cohesion support associated with absence behavior. As severity behavior escalated, particularly cases aggression, diminished, "disconnection rejection" "excessive vigilance inhibition", became more prominent, alongside increased correlations issues (anxiety depression). Conclusions: findings underscore crucial environment intervention mitigating risks highlighting need comprehensive targeting schemas providing both internalizing externalizing symptoms. Limitations include retrospective nature data collection exclusive focus on facilities.

Язык: Английский

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Association between family disharmony, maternal negative emotional states, and behavioral problems among Chinese children attending preschools

Journal of Affective Disorders, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Social and Emotional Learning and Physical Health Outcomes Across the Lifespan: Little Progress & Big Potential

Social and Emotional Learning Research Practice and Policy, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 100108 - 100108

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Imagining the future improves saving in preschoolers

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 246, С. 105966 - 105966

Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Links Among Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms and Psycholinguistic Abilities Are Different for Children With and Without Developmental Language Disorder

American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 33(5), С. 2344 - 2363

Опубликована: Июль 9, 2024

Purpose: Both developmental language disorder (DLD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD) represent relatively common chronic neurodevelopmental conditions associated with increased risk for poor academic interpersonal outcomes. Reports of co-occurrence suggest these disruptions might also be linked. Most the data available on issue have been based case–control studies vulnerable to ascertainment other biases. Method: Seventy-eight children, representing four profiles (DLD, ADHD, co-occurring ADHD + DLD, neurotypical development), were administered a battery psycholinguistic tests. Parents provided standardized ratings severity their children's inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, executive function symptoms. Examiners blinded clinical status. Group differences, correlations, best subset regression analyses used examine potential impacts symptoms abilities. Results: For children significant links between abilities limited contributions elevated hyperactivity/impulsivity lower pragmatic without inattention contributed levels performance in pragmatic, sentence recall, receptive vocabulary, narrative Discussion: Links among different DLD. Implications provision services are discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Delay of gratification and adult outcomes: The Marshmallow Test does not reliably predict adult functioning

Child Development, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июль 29, 2024

This study extends the analytic approach conducted by Watts et al. (2018) to examine long-term predictive validity of delay gratification. Participants (n = 702; 83% White, 46% male) completed Marshmallow Test at 54 months (1995-1996) and survey measures age 26 (2017-2018). Using a preregistered analysis, performance was not strongly adult achievement, health, or behavior. Although modest bivariate associations were detected with educational attainment (r .17) body mass index -.17), almost all regression-adjusted coefficients nonsignificant. No clear pattern moderation between gratification either socioeconomic status sex. Results indicate that does reliably predict outcomes. The construct ability are discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Leveraging an intensive time series of young children's movement to capture impulsive and inattentive behaviors in a preschool setting

Child Development, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 95(5), С. 1641 - 1658

Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2024

Studying within-person variability in children's behavior is frequently hindered by challenges collecting repeated observations. This study used wearable accelerometers to collect an intensive time series (2.7 million observations) of young movement at school (N = 62, M

Язык: Английский

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A preliminary study of the effects of stimulant medications on estimates of psycholinguistic abilities for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 38(10), С. 949 - 969

Опубликована: Окт. 31, 2023

Underlying deficits in inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity might contribute to suboptimal test-taking behaviours during language assessments that can lead diagnostic errors. Considerations of potential medication effects on estimates children's nonword repetition, sentence recall, tense-marking, and narrative abilities are warranted given long-standing enthusiasm for these indices serve as clinical markers developmental disorder (DLD). A battery consisting 1 nonverbal, reading, 6 verbal measures was administered twice 26 children (6-9 years) with independently diagnosed combined-type attention-deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD). All participants had been prescribed stimulant medications the management their ADHD symptoms were assessed off- on-medication, order counter-balanced across participants. Half concomitant DLD. Examiners unaware status or when they testing who received medication. Effect sizes calculated each measure. Significant score differences indicating a beneficial impact performances observed recalling sentences subtest Clinical Evaluation Language Fundamentals Picture Peabody Vocabulary Test. Adjustments may be needed speech pathologists use recall receptive vocabulary make decisions have ADHD.

Язык: Английский

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Evolution, the Cognitive Sciences, and the Science of Victimization

Evolutionary Psychology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 22(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Despite clear aversion to such labels, one of the most impactful criminological theories is rooted in cognitive science. Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory has been repeatedly tested, replicated relatively well, since reached beyond its original scope explain other important outcomes like victimization. However, work never viewed itself as part a larger scientific landscape resisted incursion neuroscience, science, evolutionary from start. This missed opportunity contributes some theory's shortcomings. We begin by considering relevant literatures that were originally excluded then conduct new analysis examining underpinnings victimization high-risk sample adolescents. used Future Families Child Wellbeing Study ( n = 3,444; 48% female; 49% Black, 25% Hispanic) which contained sound measures self-control intelligence, well four types adolescent Self-control was robustly associated with all forms victimization, whereas intelligence had generally no detectable effect. discuss how these findings fit into broader understanding about

Язык: Английский

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