The C Factor: Cognitive dysfunction as a transdiagnostic dimension in psychopathology

Clinical Psychology Review, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 86, С. 102007 - 102007

Опубликована: Март 27, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Lower-Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines (LRCUG) for reducing health harms from non-medical cannabis use: A comprehensive evidence and recommendations update

International Journal of Drug Policy, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 99, С. 103381 - 103381

Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2021

Cannabis use is common, especially among young people, and associated with risks for various health harms. Some jurisdictions have recently moved to legalization/regulation pursuing public goals. Evidence-based 'Lower Risk Use Guidelines' (LRCUG) recommendations were previously developed reduce modifiable risk factors of cannabis-related adverse outcomes; related evidence has evolved substantially since. We aimed review new scientific develop comprehensively up-to-date LRCUG, including their recommendations, on this basis. Targeted searches literature (since 2016) main outcomes by the user-individual conducted. Topical areas informed previous LRCUG content expanded upon current evidence. Searches preferentially focused systematic reviews, supplemented key individual studies. The results evidence-graded, topically organized narratively summarized; through an iterative expert consensus development process. A substantial body cannabis use-related harms identified varying quality. Twelve substantive recommendation clusters three precautionary statements developed. In general, suggests that individuals can if they delay onset until after adolescence, avoid high-potency (THC) products high-frequency/-intensity use, refrain from smoking-routes administration. While people are particularly vulnerable harms, other sub-groups (e.g., pregnant women, drivers, older adults, those co-morbidities) advised exercise particular caution risks. Legal/regulated should be used where possible. result in outcomes, mostly higher-risk use. Reducing help offer one targeted intervention component within a comprehensive approach They require effective audience-tailoring dissemination, regular updating as become available, evaluated impact.

Язык: Английский

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Public health impacts to date of the legalisation of medical and recreational cannabis use in the USA

Neuropharmacology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 193, С. 108610 - 108610

Опубликована: Май 16, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Evidence on the acute and residual neurocognitive effects of cannabis use in adolescents and adults: a systematic meta‐review of meta‐analyses

Addiction, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 117(7), С. 1857 - 1870

Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2022

Abstract Background Cannabis is among the most consumed psychoactive substances world‐wide. Considering changing policy trends regarding substance, it crucial to understand more clearly its potential acute and residual adverse effects from a public health viewpoint. Cognitive function one of targeted areas with conflicting findings. This meta‐review measured magnitude cannabis on cognition in adolescents adults provided by meta‐analyses evaluated quality evidence. Methods A systematic search was performed PubMed, PsycINFO, Web Science Google Scholar. Meta‐analyses were included if they quantitatively examined performances users general population cognitive tasks. Results The retrieved 10 eligible (71 sizes, n = 43 761) evidence ranging low moderate quality, which categorized into domains functions: executive functions ( k 7), learning memory 5), attention 4), processing speed perceptual motor 2) language 2). Verbal displayed robust impaired intoxication that persisted after passed. Small‐to‐moderate reported for functioning. use led small deficits inhibitory processes flexibility, whereas small‐to‐moderate working decision‐making. Evidence has shown administration induced neurocognitive observed heavy cannabis‐using youths. showed no significant difference between non‐users language, simple skills. Conclusion Meta‐analytical data have leads several domains. These impairments accord documented effects, suggesting detrimental persist beyond intake.

Язык: Английский

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Recreational cannabis legalization alters associations among cannabis use, perception of risk, and cannabis use disorder treatment for adolescents and young adults

Addictive Behaviors, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 138, С. 107552 - 107552

Опубликована: Ноя. 17, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Long-Term Cannabis Use and Cognitive Reserves and Hippocampal Volume in Midlife

American Journal of Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 179(5), С. 362 - 374

Опубликована: Март 8, 2022

Cannabis use is increasing among midlife and older adults. This study tested the hypotheses that long-term cannabis associated with cognitive deficits smaller hippocampal volume in midlife, which important because are risk factors for dementia.

Язык: Английский

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Dopamine, endocannabinoids and their interaction in fear extinction and negative affect in PTSD

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 105, С. 110118 - 110118

Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Cannabis and Cognitive Functioning: From Acute to Residual Effects, From Randomized Controlled Trials to Prospective Designs

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12

Опубликована: Июнь 10, 2021

In recent years, several jurisdictions have revised their regulation policy toward both medical and recreational use of cannabis. These changes elicited concerns regarding how legalization impacts academic achievement work performance. This review evaluates the acute long-term (residual) association between cannabis cognitive functioning that underlies poor Relative to other reviews, this article focuses on cross-over randomized controlled trials prospective designs given they allow test impairing effects exposure at within-subject level. Acute are discussed separately for known confounding factors such as levels delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), Δ9-THC:cannabidiol ratio, previous and, comorbidity with psychosis-spectrum disorders. The residual detailed in relation duration abstinence, frequency use, disorders, types domains assessed, age initiation. Moreover, considering fact adequate longitudinal studies can make inferences about causality impaired when disentangling between-subject from variation, proofs three main non-mutually exclusive hypotheses relationship will be presented: i) vulnerability hypothesis part more general common antecedent hypothesis, ii) concurrent iii) neurotoxic Current research provides evidence mild moderate episodic working memory, processing speed, executive functions. Mild were also observed these exact same domains, suggesting adverse following intoxication persist least days or weeks abstinence. adult-onset, adolescent-onset seems explain dose-response is associated longer lasting even users (

Язык: Английский

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Use of Marijuana: Effect on Brain Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Stroke, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 53(4)

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2022

Marijuana is perceived as a harmless drug, and its recreational use has gained popularity among young individuals. The concentration of active ingredients in formulations gradually increased over time, high-potency illicit cannabinomimetics have become available. Thus, the consumption cannabis general population rising. Data from preclinical models demonstrate that cannabinoid receptors are expressed high density areas involved cognition behavior, particularly during periods neurodevelopment maturation. In addition, growing evidence highlights role endogenous pathways regulation neurotransmitter release, synaptic plasticity, neurodevelopment. animal models, exogenous cannabinoids disrupt these important processes lead to cognitive behavioral abnormalities. These data correlate with higher risk impairment reported some observational studies done humans. It unclear whether effect on reverts after abstinence. However, this evidence, along stroke marijuana users, raises concerns about potential long-term effects function. This scientific statement reviews safety perspective brain health, describes mechanistically how may cause dysfunction, advocates for more informed health care worker consumer adversely affect brain.

Язык: Английский

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Conceptualization and characterization of “primary” and “secondary” cognitive impairment in schizophrenia

Psychiatry Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 340, С. 116126 - 116126

Опубликована: Авг. 5, 2024

Cognitive impairment represents one of the core features schizophrenia, involves both neurocognition and social cognition domains, has a significant negative impact on real-world functioning. The present review provides framework for conceptualization characterization "primary" "secondary" cognitive in schizophrenia. In this conceptualization, primary can be defined as consequence neurobiological alterations that underlie psychopathological manifestations disorder, while secondary results source issue performance. Sources are frequent people with schizophrenia include several different factors, such positive symptoms, depressive autistic pharmacotherapy, substance abuse, metabolic syndrome, deprivation, sleep disorders. It hypothesized may improved by effectively resolving issue, benefit from dedicated treatment. Further research is required to confirm hypothesis, better characterize distinction between clinical perspective, evaluate systematically assessing treating impairment.

Язык: Английский

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