Photothermal
therapy
(PTT)
is
a
promising
approach
for
cancer
targeting
therapy.
However,
the
temperature-dependent
killing
of
tumor
cells
in
PTT
remains
unclear.
In
this
study,
we
report
necroptosis
plays
role
anti-tumor
effects
observed
gold
nanorod
(GNR)-mediated
melanoma.
We
first
synthesized
nanorods
with
adaptor
FA
(GNRs-FA),
which
achieved
high
efficacy
targeted
delivery
to
melanoma
cells.
further
demonstrated
PTT,
precipitated
by
GNRs-FA
under
induction
near-infrared
laser,
was
temperature-dependent.
Furthermore,
photothermal
showed
different
patterns
cell
death
depending
on
varying
temperature
PTT.
lower
at
43
°C,
percentages
apoptosis,
and
necrosis
were
10.2%,
18.3%,
17.6%,
respectively,
suggesting
ineffective
temperatures.
When
increased
49
pattern
switched
dominant
(52.8%).
Interestingly,
when
moderate
46
significantly
(35.1%).
Additionally,
GNRs-FA/PPT-mediated
regulated
RIPK1
pathway.
Taken
together,
study
demonstrate
that
an
important
mechanism
inducing
GNR-mediated
addition
apoptosis
necrosis.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
116(8), С. 2996 - 3005
Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2019
Significance
This
study
reveals
a
common
regulatory
mechanism
mediated
by
HSP90
that
is
shared
necroptosis
and
ferroptosis,
two
necrotic
cell
death
mechanisms
have
previously
had
no
known
mechanistic
connections.
Furthermore,
this
demonstrates
the
involvement
of
chaperone-mediated
autophagy
in
execution
ferroptosis.
Given
role
as
an
important
chaperone
involved
major
human
maladies
ranging
from
neurodegenerations
to
cancers,
our
work
further
implicates
roles
ferroptosis
diseases.
FEBS Journal,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
289(22), С. 7038 - 7050
Опубликована: Июнь 6, 2021
As
a
type
of
lytic
cell
death
driven
by
unrestricted
lipid
peroxidation
and
subsequent
plasma
membrane
damage,
ferroptosis
occurs
develops
because
sophisticated
signals
regulatory
mechanisms.
The
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
used
to
initiate
come
from
variety
sources,
including
iron‐mediated
Fenton
reactions,
mitochondrial
ROS,
membrane‐associated
ROS
the
NOX
protein
family.
Polyunsaturated
fatty
acid‐containing
phospholipids
are
main
substrates
in
ferroptosis,
which
is
positively
regulated
enzymes,
such
as
ACSL4,
LPCAT3,
ALOXs,
or
POR.
Selective
activation
autophagic
degradation
pathways
promotes
increasing
iron
accumulation
cause
peroxidation.
In
contrast,
system
xc
–
‐glutathione–GPX4
axis
plays
central
role
limiting
peroxidation,
although
other
antioxidants
(such
coenzyme
Q10
tetrahydrobiopterin)
can
also
inhibit
ferroptosis.
A
nuclear
mechanism
defense
against
NFE2L2‐dependent
antioxidant
response
transcriptionally
upregulating
expression
cytoprotective
genes.
Additionally,
damage
caused
ferroptotic
stimulus
be
repaired
ESCRT‐III‐dependent
scission
machinery.
this
review,
we
summarize
recent
progress
understanding
signaling
mechanisms
Cells,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
9(6), С. 1505 - 1505
Опубликована: Июнь 20, 2020
Ferroptosis
is
a
new
type
of
oxidative
regulated
cell
death
(RCD)
driven
by
iron-dependent
lipid
peroxidation.
As
major
sites
iron
utilization
and
master
regulators
metabolism,
mitochondria
are
the
main
source
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
and,
thus,
play
role
in
this
RCD.
is,
indeed,
associated
with
severe
damage
mitochondrial
morphology,
bioenergetics,
metabolism.
Furthermore,
dysregulation
metabolism
considered
biochemical
feature
neurodegenerative
diseases
linked
to
ferroptosis.
Whether
dysfunction
can,
per
se,
initiate
ferroptosis
whether
function
context-dependent
still
under
debate.
Cancer
cells
accumulate
high
levels
ROS
promote
their
metabolic
activity
growth.
Of
note,
cancer
rewiring
often
acquired
sensitivity
This
strongly
suggests
that
may
act
as
an
adaptive
response
imbalance
constitute
promising
way
eradicate
malignant
cells.
Here,
we
review
current
literature
on
ferroptosis,
discuss
opportunities
potentially
use
mitochondria-mediated
strategy
for
therapy.
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
8
Опубликована: Сен. 17, 2020
Many
new
types
of
regulated
cell
death
have
been
recently
implicated
in
human
health
and
disease.
These
deaths
different
morphological,
genetic,
biochemical,
functional
hallmarks.
Ferroptosis
was
originally
described
as
a
carcinogenic
RAS-dependent
non-apoptotic
death,
is
now
defined
type
necrosis
characterized
by
iron
accumulation,
lipid
peroxidation,
the
release
damage-associated
molecular
patterns
(DAMPs).
Multiple
oxidative
antioxidant
systems,
acting
together
autophagy
machinery,
shape
process
peroxidation
during
ferroptosis.
In
particular,
production
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
that
depends
on
activity
NADPH
oxidases
(NOXs)
mitochondrial
respiratory
chain
promotes
lipoxygenase
(ALOX)
or
cytochrome
P450
reductase
(POR).
contrast,
glutathione
(GSH),
coenzyme
Q10
(CoQ10),
tetrahydrobiopterin
(BH4)
system
limits
damage
processes
are
further
transcriptionally
nuclear
factor,
erythroid
2-like
2
(NFE2L2/NRF2),
whereas
membrane
repair
ferroptotic
requires
activation
endosomal
sorting
complexes
required
for
transport
(ESCRT)-III.
A
understanding
function
ferroptosis
may
provide
precise
treatment
strategies
The Journal of Cell Biology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
220(9)
Опубликована: Июль 30, 2021
Ferroptosis
is
a
form
of
iron-dependent
regulated
cell
death
driven
by
uncontrolled
lipid
peroxidation.
Mitochondria
are
double-membrane
organelles
that
have
essential
roles
in
energy
production,
cellular
metabolism,
and
regulation.
However,
their
role
ferroptosis
has
been
unclear
somewhat
controversial.
In
this
Perspective,
I
summarize
the
diverse
metabolic
processes
mitochondria
actively
drive
ferroptosis,
discuss
recently
discovered
mitochondria-localized
defense
systems
detoxify
mitochondrial
peroxides
protect
against
present
new
evidence
for
regulating
outline
outstanding
questions
on
fascinating
topic
future
investigations.
An
in-depth
understanding
functions
will
important
implications
both
fundamental
biology
disease
treatment.
Frontiers in Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
12
Опубликована: Июль 10, 2018
Ferroptosis
is
a
newly
described
form
of
regulated
cell
death,
distinct
from
apoptosis,
necroptosis
and
other
forms
death.
induced
by
disruption
glutathione
synthesis
or
inhibition
peroxidase
4,
exacerbated
iron,
prevented
radical
scavengers
such
as
ferrostatin-1,
liproxstatin-1
endogenous
vitamin
E.
terminates
with
mitochondrial
dysfunction
toxic
lipid
peroxidation.
Although
conclusive
identification
ferroptosis
in
vivo
challenging,
several
salient
very
well
established
features
neurodegenerative
diseases
are
consistent
ferroptosis,
including
peroxidation,
iron
dysregulation.
Accordingly,
interest
the
role
neurodegeneration
escalating
specific
evidence
rapidly
emerging.
One
aspect
that
has
thus
far
received
little
attention
antioxidant
transcription
factor
nuclear
erythroid
2-related
2
(Nrf2).
This
regulates
hundreds
genes,
which
many
either
directly
indirectly
involved
modulating
metabolism
glutathione,
lipids,
function.
potentially
positions
Nrf2
key
deterministic
component
onset
outcomes
ferroptotic
stress.
The
minimal
direct
currently
available
this
indicates
may
be
critical
for
protection
against
ferroptosis.
In
contrast,
abundant
demonstrates
enhancing
signaling
potently
neuroprotective
models
neurodegeneration,
although
exact
mechanism
achieved
unclear.
Further
studies
required
to
determine
extent
effects
activation
involve
prevention
Annual Review of Nutrition,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
38(1), С. 97 - 125
Опубликована: Авг. 21, 2018
This
review
explores
the
multifaceted
role
that
iron
has
in
cancer
biology.
Epidemiological
studies
have
demonstrated
an
association
between
excess
and
increased
incidence
risk,
while
experimental
implicated
initiation,
tumor
growth,
metastasis.
The
roles
of
proliferation,
metabolism,
metastasis
underpin
with
growth
progression.
Cancer
cells
exhibit
iron-seeking
phenotype
achieved
through
dysregulation
metabolic
proteins.
These
changes
are
mediated,
at
least
part,
by
oncogenes
suppressors.
dependence
on
implications
a
number
cell
death
pathways,
including
ferroptosis,
iron-dependent
form
death.
Uniquely,
both
depletion
can
be
utilized
anticancer
therapies.
Investigating
efficacy
these
therapeutic
approaches
is
area
active
research
promises
substantial
clinical
impact.