Insights into the Coral Microbiome: Underpinning the Health and Resilience of Reef Ecosystems

Annual Review of Microbiology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 70(1), С. 317 - 340

Опубликована: Авг. 2, 2016

Corals are fundamental ecosystem engineers, creating large, intricate reefs that support diverse and abundant marine life. At the core of a healthy coral animal is dynamic relationship with microorganisms, including mutually beneficial symbiosis photosynthetic dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium spp.) enduring partnerships an array bacterial, archaeal, fungal, protistan, viral associates, collectively termed holobiont. The combined genomes this holobiont form hologenome, genomic interactions within hologenome ultimately define phenotype. Here we integrate contemporary scientific knowledge regarding ecological, host-specific, environmental forces shaping diversity, specificity, distribution microbial symbionts holobiont, explore physiological pathways contribute to fitness, describe potential mechanisms for homeostasis. Understanding role microbiome in resilience, acclimation, adaptation new frontier reef science will require large-scale collaborative research efforts.

Язык: Английский

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The sponge holobiont in a changing ocean: from microbes to ecosystems

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Март 9, 2018

The recognition that all macroorganisms live in symbiotic association with microbial communities has opened up a new field biology. Animals, plants, and algae are now considered holobionts, complex ecosystems consisting of the host, microbiota, interactions among them. Accordingly, ecological concepts can be applied to understand host-derived processes govern dynamics interactive networks within holobiont. In marine systems, holobionts further integrated into larger more ecosystems, concept referred as "nested ecosystems." this review, we discuss dynamic interact at multiple scales respond environmental change. We focus on symbiosis sponges their communities—a resulted one most diverse environment. recent years, sponge microbiology remarkably advanced terms curated databases, standardized protocols, information functions microbiota. Like Russian doll, these translated holobiont impact surrounding ecosystem. For example, sponge-associated metabolisms, fueled by high filtering capacity substantially affect biogeochemical cycling key nutrients like carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous. Since increasingly threatened anthropogenic stressors jeopardize stability ecosystem, link between perturbations, dysbiosis, diseases. Experimental studies suggest community composition is tightly linked health, but whether dysbiosis cause or consequence collapse remains unresolved. Moreover, potential role microbiome mediating for acclimate adapt change unknown. Future should aim identify mechanisms underlying scales, from develop management strategies preserve provided our present future oceans.

Язык: Английский

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Insight into how organic amendments can shape the soil microbiome in long-term field experiments as revealed by network analysis

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 99, С. 137 - 149

Опубликована: Май 18, 2016

Язык: Английский

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The Sponge Hologenome

mBio, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 7(2)

Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2016

A paradigm shift has recently transformed the field of biological science; molecular advances have revealed how fundamentally important microorganisms are to many aspects a host's phenotype and evolution. In process, an era "holobiont" research emerged investigate intricate network interactions between host its symbiotic microbial consortia. Marine sponges early-diverging metazoa known for hosting dense, specific, often highly diverse communities. Here we synthesize current thoughts about environmental evolutionary forces that influence diversity, specificity, distribution symbionts within sponge holobiont, explore physiological pathways contribute holobiont function, describe mechanisms underpin establishment maintenance these partnerships. The collective genomes form hologenome, highlight define sponge's in fact act on genomic interplay different components holobiont.

Язык: Английский

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Diversity and function of prevalent symbiotic marine bacteria in the genus Endozoicomonas

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 100(19), С. 8315 - 8324

Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2016

Endozoicomonas bacteria are emerging as extremely diverse and flexible symbionts of numerous marine hosts inhabiting oceans worldwide. Their range from simple invertebrate species, such sponges corals, to complex vertebrates, fish. Although widely distributed, the functional role within their host microenvironment is not well understood. In this review, we provide a summary currently recognized global distribution. Next, potential roles Endozoicomonas, particularly in light recent microscopic, genomic, genetic analyses, discussed. These analyses suggest that typically reside aggregates tissues, have free-living stage due large genome sizes, show signs local adaptation, participate host-associated protein carbohydrate transport cycling, harbour high degree genomic plasticity proportion transposable elements residing genomes. This review will finish with discussion on methodological tools employed study interactions future avenues for studying host-microbial symbioses.

Язык: Английский

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Defining the Core Microbiome in Corals’ Microbial Soup

Trends in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 25(2), С. 125 - 140

Опубликована: Дек. 3, 2016

Язык: Английский

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Microbes in the coral holobiont: partners through evolution, development, and ecological interactions

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 4

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2015

In the last two decades, genetic and genomic studies have revealed astonishing diversity ubiquity of microorganisms. Emergence expansion human microbiome project has reshaped our thinking about how microbes control host health – not only as pathogens, but also symbionts. coral reef environments, scientists begun to examine role that microorganisms play in life history. Herein we review current literature on coral-microbe interactions within context their evolution, development, ecology. We ask following questions, first posed by McFall-Ngai et al., 2013 animal with specific attention coral-microbial may be affected under future environmental conditions: 1) How do corals affect each other's genomes? 2) does development depend microbial partners? 3) is homeostasis maintained between symbionts? 4) can ecological approaches deepen understanding multiple levels interactions? Elucidating structure function holobiont essential for maintain acclimate changing conditions.

Язык: Английский

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Responses of Coral-Associated Bacterial Communities to Local and Global Stressors

Frontiers in Marine Science, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 4

Опубликована: Авг. 15, 2017

The microbial contribution to ecological resilience is still largely overlooked in coral reef ecology. Coral-associated bacteria serve a wide variety of functional roles with reference the host, and thus, composition overall microbiome community can strongly influence health survival. Here, we synthesize findings recent studies (n=45) that evaluated impacts top three stressors facing reefs, climate change, water pollution overfishing, on structure diversity. Contrary species losses are typical many communities under stress, here show richness tends be higher rather than lower for stressed corals (i.e. ~60% cases), regardless stressor. Microbial responses stress were taxonomically consistent across stressors, specific taxa typically increasing abundance (e.g. Vibrionales, Flavobacteriales, Rhodobacterales, Altermonadales, Rhizobiales, Rhodospirillales Desulfovibrionales) others declining Oceanosprillales). Emerging evidence also suggests may increase beta diversity amongst colonies, potentially reflecting reduced ability host regulate its microbiome. Moving forward, will need discern implications stress-induced shifts hosts able use identify resilient corals. present supports hypothesis play important resilience, encourage focus contributions future research.

Язык: Английский

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Coral bacterial community structure responds to environmental change in a host-specific manner

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Июль 12, 2019

Abstract The global decline of coral reefs heightens the need to understand how corals respond changing environmental conditions. Corals are metaorganisms, so-called holobionts, and restructuring associated bacterial community has been suggested as a means holobiont adaptation. However, potential for communities across species in different environments not systematically investigated. Here we show that structure responds host-specific manner upon cross-transplantation between reef sites with differing levels anthropogenic impact. Acropora hemprichii harbors highly flexible microbiome differs each level impact which had transplanted. In contrast, Pocillopora verrucosa remains remarkably stable. Interestingly, unaffected sites, find microbiomes become indistinguishable from back-transplanted controls, suggesting ability recover. It unclear whether differences associate bacteria flexibly reflects adaptation mechanisms change.

Язык: Английский

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Coral-the world's most diverse symbiotic ecosystem

Molecular Ecology, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 24(21), С. 5330 - 5347

Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2015

Zooxanthellate corals (i.e. those harbouring Symbiodinium) are the main builders of world's shallow-water marine coral reefs. They represent intimate diverse symbioses between animals, single-celled photosynthetic dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium spp.), other microscopic eukaryotes, prokaryotes and viruses. Crabs crustaceans, worms, sponges, bivalves hydrozoans, fishes, sea urchins, octopuses stars itinerant members these 'rainforests sea'. This review focuses on biodiversity scleractinian animals their best studied epi- endosymbionts. In relation to coral-associated species diversity, Symbiodinium internal transcribed spacer region sequence types tally 10(2) -10(3) or up ~15 different operational taxonomic units (OTUs, putative at 97% identity level; this cut-off was chosen based intragenomic diversity observed in monoclonal cultures) (mostly bacterial) total -10(4) OTUs. We analysed all publically accessible 16S rRNA gene data found Gammaproteobacteria were extremely abundant, followed by Alphaproteobacteria. Notably, Archaea poorly represented 'unassigned OTUs' abundant generated high-throughput DNA sequencing studies corals. outline compare model systems that could be used future holobiont. our directions, we recommend a global sampling effort including substantial attention being paid method tissue acquisition, which compartments (mucus, tissue, skeleton) explore, broadening holobiont considered linking with functional investigations.

Язык: Английский

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