The contentious nature of soil organic matter

Nature, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 528(7580), С. 60 - 68

Опубликована: Ноя. 23, 2015

Язык: Английский

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Scientists’ warning to humanity: microorganisms and climate change

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 17(9), С. 569 - 586

Опубликована: Июнь 18, 2019

In the Anthropocene, in which we now live, climate change is impacting most life on Earth. Microorganisms support existence of all higher trophic forms. To understand how humans and other forms Earth (including those are yet to discover) can withstand anthropogenic change, it vital incorporate knowledge microbial 'unseen majority'. We must learn not just microorganisms affect production consumption greenhouse gases) but also they will be affected by human activities. This Consensus Statement documents central role global importance biology. It puts humanity notice that impact depend heavily responses microorganisms, essential for achieving an environmentally sustainable future. The majority with share often goes unnoticed despite underlying major biogeochemical cycles food webs, thereby taking a key change. highlights microbiology issues call action microbiologists.

Язык: Английский

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Conceptualizing soil organic matter into particulate and mineral‐associated forms to address global change in the 21st century

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 26(1), С. 261 - 273

Опубликована: Окт. 6, 2019

Managing soil organic matter (SOM) stocks to address global change challenges requires well-substantiated knowledge of SOM behavior that can be clearly communicated between scientists, management practitioners, and policy makers. However, is incredibly complex separation into multiple components with contrasting in order study predict its dynamics. Numerous diverse schemes are currently used, making cross-study comparisons difficult hindering broad-scale generalizations. Here, we recommend separating particulate (POM) mineral-associated (MAOM) forms, two fundamentally different terms their formation, persistence, functioning. We provide evidence highly physical chemical properties, mean residence times soil, responses land use change, plant litter inputs, warming, CO2 enrichment, N fertilization. Conceptualizing POM versus MAOM a feasible, well-supported, useful framework will allow scientists move beyond studies bulk SOM, but also consistent scheme across studies. Ultimately, propose the as best way forward understand dynamics context necessary recommendations managers

Язык: Английский

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Managing uncertainty in soil carbon feedbacks to climate change

Nature Climate Change, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 6(8), С. 751 - 758

Опубликована: Июль 27, 2016

Язык: Английский

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Dynamic interactions at the mineral–organic matter interface

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 2(6), С. 402 - 421

Опубликована: Май 11, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Microbial formation of stable soil carbon is more efficient from belowground than aboveground input

Nature Geoscience, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 12(1), С. 46 - 53

Опубликована: Ноя. 13, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Pathways of mineral‐associated soil organic matter formation: Integrating the role of plant carbon source, chemistry, and point of entry

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 25(1), С. 12 - 24

Опубликована: Окт. 19, 2018

To predict the behavior of terrestrial carbon cycle, it is critical to understand source, formation pathway, and chemical composition soil organic matter (SOM). There emerging consensus that slow-cycling SOM generally consists relatively low molecular weight substrates enter mineral as dissolved associate with surfaces (referred "mineral-associated OM," or MAOM). However, much debate contradictory evidence persist around: (a) whether C within MAOM pool primarily originate from aboveground vs. belowground plant sources (b) directly sorb undergo microbial transformation prior their incorporation into MAOM. Here, we attempt reconcile disparate views on by proposing a spatially explicit set processes link source pathway. Specifically, because distinct regions soil, propose fine-scale differences in abundance should determine probability substrate-microbe substrate-mineral interaction. Thus, areas high density (e.g., rhizosphere other hotspots) occur through an vivo turnover pathway favor are first biosynthesized carbon-use efficiency pool. In contrast, certain bulk soil), direct sorption intact partially oxidized compounds uncolonized surfaces, minimizing importance efficiency, favoring strong "sorptive affinity." Through this framework, thus describe how primacy biotic abiotic controls dynamics not mutually exclusive, but rather dictated. Such understanding may be integral more accurately modeling across different spatial scales.

Язык: Английский

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Integrating the evidence for a terrestrial carbon sink caused by increasing atmospheric CO₂

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 229(5), С. 2413 - 2445

Опубликована: Авг. 13, 2020

Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2 ]) is increasing, which increases leaf-scale photosynthesis and intrinsic water-use efficiency. These direct responses have the potential to increase plant growth, vegetation biomass, soil organic matter; transferring from atmosphere into terrestrial ecosystems (a sink). A substantial global sink would slow rate of [CO2 ] thus climate change. However, ecosystem CO2 are complex or confounded by concurrent changes in multiple agents change evidence for a ]-driven can appear contradictory. Here we synthesize theory broad, multidisciplinary effects increasing (iCO2 ) on sink. Evidence suggests since pre-industrial times. Established theory, supported experiments, indicates that iCO2 likely responsible about half increase. Global budgeting, atmospheric data, forest inventories indicate historical sink, these apparent high comparison experiments predictions theory. Plant mortality highly uncertain. In conclusion, range supports positive response , albeit with uncertain magnitude strong suggestion role additional

Язык: Английский

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The potential implications of reclaimed wastewater reuse for irrigation on the agricultural environment: The knowns and unknowns of the fate of antibiotics and antibiotic resistant bacteria and resistance genes – A review

Water Research, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 123, С. 448 - 467

Опубликована: Июль 3, 2017

Язык: Английский

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Soil organic carbon dynamics jointly controlled by climate, carbon inputs, soil properties and soil carbon fractions

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 23(10), С. 4430 - 4439

Опубликована: Май 23, 2017

Soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics are regulated by the complex interplay of climatic, edaphic and biotic conditions. However, interrelation SOC these drivers their potential connection networks rarely assessed quantitatively. Using observations with detailed soil properties from 90 field trials at 28 sites under different agroecosystems across Australian cropping regions, we investigated direct indirect effects climate, properties, (C) inputs C pools (a total 17 variables) on change rate (rC , Mg ha-1 yr-1 ). Among variables, found that most influential variables rC were average input amount annual precipitation, stock beginning trials. Overall, (including pasture frequency in crop rotation system) accounted for 27% relative influence followed climate 25% precipitation temperature), 24% pool size composition) (such as cation exchange capacity, clay content, bulk density) 24%. Path analysis identified a network intercorrelations determining . The correlation was significantly weakened if removing pools, vice versa. These results reveal importance interconnections regulating dynamics. Ignorance impact changes composition (quantity quality) is likely one main sources uncertainty predictions process-based models.

Язык: Английский

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