Rebuilding marine life

Nature, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 580(7801), С. 39 - 51

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2020

Язык: Английский

---

Trends in Global Agricultural Land Use: Implications for Environmental Health and Food Security

Annual Review of Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 69(1), С. 789 - 815

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2018

The eighteenth-century Malthusian prediction of population growth outstripping food production has not yet come to bear. Unprecedented agricultural land expansions since 1700, and technological innovations that began in the 1930s, have enabled more calorie per capita than was ever available before history. This remarkable success, however, at a great cost. Agriculture is major cause global environmental degradation. Malnutrition persists among large sections population, new epidemic obesity on rise. We review both successes failures system, addressing ongoing debates pathways health security. To deal with these challenges, coordinated research program blending modern breeding agro-ecological methods needed. call plant biologists lead this effort help steer humanity toward safe operating space for agriculture.

Язык: Английский

---

The biodiversity and ecosystem service contributions and trade-offs of forest restoration approaches

Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 376(6595), С. 839 - 844

Опубликована: Март 17, 2022

Forest restoration is being scaled up globally to deliver critical ecosystem services and biodiversity benefits; however, there a lack of rigorous comparison cobenefit delivery across different approaches. Through global synthesis, we used 25,950 matched data pairs from 264 studies in 53 countries assess how climate, soil, water, wood production services, addition biodiversity, compares range tree plantations native forests. Benefits aboveground carbon storage, water provisioning, especially soil erosion control are better delivered by forests, with compositionally simpler, younger drier regions performing particularly poorly. However, exhibit an advantage production. These results underscore important trade-offs among environmental goals that policy-makers must navigate meeting forest commitments.

Язык: Английский

---

Global restoration opportunities in tropical rainforest landscapes

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 5(7)

Опубликована: Июль 3, 2019

Assessment of socioenvironmental benefits and feasibility identifies priority areas for restoring global tropical rainforests.

Язык: Английский

---

Restoration and repair of Earth's damaged ecosystems

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 285(1873), С. 20172577 - 20172577

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2018

Given that few ecosystems on the Earth have been unaffected by humans, restoring them holds great promise for stemming biodiversity crisis and ensuring ecosystem services are provided to humanity. Nonetheless, studies documented recovery of globally or rates at which recover. Even fewer addressed added benefit actively versus allowing recover without human intervention following cessation a disturbance. Our meta-analysis 400 worldwide document from large-scale disturbances, such as oil spills, agriculture logging, suggests though progressing towards they rarely completely. This result reinforces conservation intact key strategy protecting biodiversity. Recovery slowed down with time since disturbance ended, suggesting final stages most challenging achieve. Active restoration did not in faster more complete than simply ending disturbances face. results must be interpreted cautiously, because directly compared different actions same location after The lack consistent value active passive should considered first option; if is slow, then better tailored overcome specific obstacles achieve goals. We call strategic investment limited resources into innovative collaborative efforts between scientists, local communities practitioners develop techniques ecologically, economically socially viable.

Язык: Английский

---

Guidance for successful tree planting initiatives

Journal of Applied Ecology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 57(12), С. 2349 - 2361

Опубликована: Июль 27, 2020

Abstract A growing number of initiatives at global, regional and national scales propose to plant millions, billions or even trillions trees as a simple solution resolve complex environmental problems. However, tree planting is much more complicated than it seems. We summarize the multifaceted decision‐making process needed offer guidelines increase success proposed ambitious efforts cover world‐wide. Given varied definitions motivations for planting, critical that stakeholders work together clearly define biophysical socioeconomic goals each project. Then series questions must be addressed about where how (e.g. vs. allowing natural forest regrowth) most effectively achieve these minimize unintended negative consequences, well how, when by whom will evaluated. Key successfully include: (a) first addressing underlying drivers deforestation; (b) integrating across from local global; (c) tailoring strategies stated project planning, adaptively managing evaluating over sufficiently long timeframe; (d) focusing on ecosystem whole, not just trees; (e) coordinating different land uses (f) involving all stages planning process. Synthesis applications . Tree along with other in appropriate locations contexts, can make valuable contribution ensuring ecological social well‐being our planet coming decades, but only if are considered one component solutions problems carefully planned, implemented monitored time‐scale stakeholder engagement broader consideration socio‐ecological complexities.

Язык: Английский

---

Meta-analysis of heavy metal effects on soil enzyme activities

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 737, С. 139744 - 139744

Опубликована: Май 29, 2020

Язык: Английский

---

A world of possibilities: six restoration strategies to support the United Nation's Decade on Ecosystem Restoration

Restoration Ecology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 28(4), С. 730 - 736

Опубликована: Март 27, 2020

Ecological restoration is practiced worldwide as a direct response to the degradation and destruction of ecosystems. In addition its ecological impact it has enormous potential improve population health, socioeconomic well‐being, integrity diverse national ethnic cultures. recognition critical role in ecosystem United Nations (UN) declared 2021–2030 Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. We propose six practical strategies strengthen effectiveness amplify work meet aspirations Decade: (1) incorporate holistic actions, including working at effective scale; (2) include traditional knowledge (TEK); (3) collaborate with allied movements organizations; (4) advance apply soil microbiome science technology; (5) provide training capacity‐building opportunities for communities practitioners; (6) study show relationships between health human health. offer these hope identifying possible leverage points pathways collaborative action among interdisciplinary groups already committed act support UN Collectively, synergistically also ecosystems which we all depend, can be basis global restorative culture .

Язык: Английский

---

The long-term restoration of ecosystem complexity

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 4(5), С. 676 - 685

Опубликована: Апрель 13, 2020

Multiple large-scale restoration strategies are emerging globally to counteract ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss. However, often remains insufficient offset that To address this challenge, we propose focus science on the long-term (centuries millennia) re-assembly of degraded complexity integrating interaction network evolutionary potential approaches. This approach provides insights into eco-evolutionary feedbacks determining structure, functioning stability recovering ecosystems. Eco-evolutionary may help understand changes in adaptive after disturbance metacommunity hub species with core structural functional roles for their use restoration. Those can be studied combining a genomics based whole-genome sequencing replicated space-for-time substitutions linking genetic variation functions or traits relevant establishment evolutionarily resilient communities. set knowledge basis future tools accelerate ecosystems able adapt ongoing global changes. Ecosystem needs incorporate approaches recovery

Язык: Английский

---

Functional traits and ecosystem services in ecological restoration

Restoration Ecology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 28(6), С. 1372 - 1383

Опубликована: Сен. 4, 2020

The application of a functional trait‐based approach to ecological restoration is receiving growing attention worldwide, but lack knowledge on traits and how they link ecosystem services imposes major barrier operationalize such approach. Synthesizing the existing thus timely important challenge. We systematically reviewed literature assess are associated across organisms, types, continents. also assessed frameworks target in ecology. Then, we discussed future perspectives for field, especially challenges applying megadiverse tropical ecosystems, which have ambitious commitments. Most papers focused plants (72%), terrestrial habitats (69%), non‐tropical ecosystems (68%) monitored after started rather than using them as previous targets. Only 12% targeted both priori , 3.8% presented clear framework restoration. possibility selecting alternative subsets complementary species their provisioning should make more feasible traditional approaches species‐rich ecosystems. With this review our critical insights widely, hope assist broad‐scale programs obtain higher levels benefits nature human well‐being per unit area undergoing restoration, going beyond area‐based that has dominated

Язык: Английский

---